IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i5p1032-d1343866.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

‘Greening’ an Oil Exporting Country: A Hydrogen, Wind and Gas Turbine Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Abdulwahab Rawesat

    (Thermal Power & Propulsion, SATM, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Pericles Pilidis

    (Thermal Power & Propulsion, SATM, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK)

Abstract

In the quest for achieving decarbonisation, it is essential for different sectors of the economy to collaborate and invest significantly. This study presents an innovative approach that merges technological insights with philosophical considerations at a national scale, with the intention of shaping the national policy and practice. The aim of this research is to assist in formulating decarbonisation strategies for intricate economies. Libya, a major oil exporter that can diversify its energy revenue sources, is used as the case study. However, the principles can be applied to develop decarbonisation strategies across the globe. The decarbonisation framework evaluated in this study encompasses wind-based renewable electricity, hydrogen, and gas turbine combined cycles. A comprehensive set of both official and unofficial national data was assembled, integrated, and analysed to conduct this study. The developed analytical model considers a variety of factors, including consumption in different sectors, geographical data, weather patterns, wind potential, and consumption trends, amongst others. When gaps and inconsistencies were encountered, reasonable assumptions and projections were used to bridge them. This model is seen as a valuable foundation for developing replacement scenarios that can realistically guide production and user engagement towards decarbonisation. The aim of this model is to maintain the advantages of the current energy consumption level, assuming a 2% growth rate, and to assess changes in energy consumption in a fully green economy. While some level of speculation is present in the results, important qualitative and quantitative insights emerge, with the key takeaway being the use of hydrogen and the anticipated considerable increase in electricity demand. Two scenarios were evaluated: achieving energy self-sufficiency and replacing current oil exports with hydrogen exports on an energy content basis. This study offers, for the first time, a quantitative perspective on the wind-based infrastructure needs resulting from the evaluation of the two scenarios. In the first scenario, energy requirements were based on replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources. In contrast, the second scenario included maintaining energy exports at levels like the past, substituting oil with hydrogen. The findings clearly demonstrate that this transition will demand great changes and substantial investments. The primary requirements identified are 20,529 or 34,199 km 2 of land for wind turbine installations (for self-sufficiency and exports), and 44 single-shaft 600 MW combined-cycle hydrogen-fired gas turbines. This foundational analysis represents the commencement of the research, investment, and political agenda regarding the journey to achieving decarbonisation for a country.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulwahab Rawesat & Pericles Pilidis, 2024. "‘Greening’ an Oil Exporting Country: A Hydrogen, Wind and Gas Turbine Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1032-:d:1343866
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1032/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1032/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohamed, Ahmed M.A. & Al-Habaibeh, Amin & Abdo, Hafez & Elabar, Sherifa, 2015. "Towards exporting renewable energy from MENA region to Europe: An investigation into domestic energy use and householders’ energy behaviour in Libya," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 247-262.
    2. El-Osta, W & Kalifa, Y, 2003. "Prospects of wind power plants in Libya: a case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 363-371.
    3. Wang, Jianxiao & An, Qi & Zhao, Yue & Pan, Guangsheng & Song, Jie & Hu, Qinran & Tan, Chin-Woo, 2023. "Role of electrolytic hydrogen in smart city decarbonization in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    4. Adefarati, T. & Bansal, R.C., 2019. "Reliability, economic and environmental analysis of a microgrid system in the presence of renewable energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 1089-1114.
    5. James H. Stock & Daniel N. Stuart, 2021. "Robust Decarbonization of the US Power Sector: Policy Options," NBER Working Papers 28677, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Almaktar, Mohamed & Shaaban, Mohamed, 2021. "Prospects of renewable energy as a non-rivalry energy alternative in Libya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Mohseni, Soheil & Brent, Alan C. & Burmester, Daniel, 2020. "A comparison of metaheuristics for the optimal capacity planning of an isolated, battery-less, hydrogen-based micro-grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    3. Mohamed, Ahmed M.A. & Al-Habaibeh, Amin & Abdo, Hafez, 2013. "An investigation into the current utilisation and prospective of renewable energy resources and technologies in Libya," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 732-740.
    4. Tsao, Yu-Chung & Thanh, Vo-Van, 2021. "Toward sustainable microgrids with blockchain technology-based peer-to-peer energy trading mechanism: A fuzzy meta-heuristic approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    5. Nor Liza Tumeran & Siti Hajar Yusoff & Teddy Surya Gunawan & Mohd Shahrin Abu Hanifah & Suriza Ahmad Zabidi & Bernardi Pranggono & Muhammad Sharir Fathullah Mohd Yunus & Siti Nadiah Mohd Sapihie & Asm, 2023. "Model Predictive Control Based Energy Management System Literature Assessment for RES Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-27, April.
    6. Gao, Xianhui & Wang, Sheng & Sun, Ying & Zhai, Junyi, 2024. "Low-carbon operation of integrated electricity–gas system with hydrogen injection considering hydrogen mixed gas turbine and laddered carbon trading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    7. Wang, Shuoqi & Guo, Dongxu & Han, Xuebing & Lu, Languang & Sun, Kai & Li, Weihan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe & Ouyang, Minggao, 2020. "Impact of battery degradation models on energy management of a grid-connected DC microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    8. Gbalimene Richard Ileberi & Pu Li, 2023. "Integrating Hydrokinetic Energy into Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Optimal Design and Comparative Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-28, April.
    9. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Hussain, Jafar & Mu, Xian, 2024. "Renewable energy and carbon-neutral gaming: A holistic approach to sustainable electricity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    10. Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Shauhrat S. Chopra & Aneesh A. Chand & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & G.M. Shafiullah, 2020. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-30, May.
    11. Mostafaeipour, Ali, 2010. "Feasibility study of offshore wind turbine installation in Iran compared with the world," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 1722-1743, September.
    12. Dragan Pamučar & Ibrahim Badi & Korica Sanja & Radojko Obradović, 2018. "A Novel Approach for the Selection of Power-Generation Technology Using a Linguistic Neutrosophic CODAS Method: A Case Study in Libya," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-25, September.
    13. Obu Samson Showers & Sunetra Chowdhury, 2024. "Enhancing Energy Supply Reliability for University Lecture Halls Using Photovoltaic-Battery Microgrids: A South African Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-26, June.
    14. Pablo Benalcazar & Adam Suski & Jacek Kamiński, 2020. "Optimal Sizing and Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Systems: The Cases of Morona Santiago and the Galapagos Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, August.
    15. Mansouri, S.A. & Ahmarinejad, A. & Nematbakhsh, E. & Javadi, M.S. & Esmaeel Nezhad, A. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2022. "A sustainable framework for multi-microgrids energy management in automated distribution network by considering smart homes and high penetration of renewable energy resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    16. Sonal, & Ghosh, Debomita, 2022. "Impact of situational awareness attributes for resilience assessment of active distribution networks using hybrid dynamic Bayesian multi criteria decision-making approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    17. Wang, Shuoqi & Lu, Languang & Han, Xuebing & Ouyang, Minggao & Feng, Xuning, 2020. "Virtual-battery based droop control and energy storage system size optimization of a DC microgrid for electric vehicle fast charging station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    18. Wang, Richard & Lam, Chor-Man & Hsu, Shu-Chien & Chen, Jieh-Haur, 2019. "Life cycle assessment and energy payback time of a standalone hybrid renewable energy commercial microgrid: A case study of Town Island in Hong Kong," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 760-775.
    19. Luisa Fernanda Escobar-Orozco & Eduardo Gómez-Luna & Eduardo Marlés-Sáenz, 2023. "Identification and Analysis of Technical Impacts in the Electric Power System Due to the Integration of Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-29, September.
    20. Saheed Lekan Gbadamosi & Nnamdi I. Nwulu, 2020. "Optimal Power Dispatch and Reliability Analysis of Hybrid CHP-PV-Wind Systems in Farming Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-16, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1032-:d:1343866. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.