IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i3p579-d1326175.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Thermal Characteristics and User Regulation of Household Heat Metering for Residential District Heating Systems in Northern China

Author

Listed:
  • Ao Luo

    (Guangzhou Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510030, China)

  • Chunyang Li

    (Inner Mongolia Fulong Heating Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Chifeng 024005, China)

  • Jianjun Xia

    (Building Energy Research Center, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Pengyue Cheng

    (Chengteh Heat Group Co., Ltd., Chengteh 067000, China)

Abstract

Heat metering is an important measure of China’s heating marketization reform as well as an energy-saving policy implemented in buildings nearly 20 years ago. However, this policy has not achieved the expected results due to various reasons. It is important to note that although northern China is dominated by large apartment buildings, resulting in unique thermal characteristics and user behavior, the measured results of these characteristics are not common. In this study, data from cities in northern China were obtained using household heat meters and field testing. Based on the three levels of station, building, and household, the effects of location, heat outages, and users’ regulation behavior on energy consumption were analyzed. The results show that different locations lead to a considerable difference in heat consumption among users, and an outage leads to a significant increase in consumption by surrounding users. For typical buildings in northern China, it is challenging to realize energy savings with district heating systems based on user behavior, and household metering and charging are not fair and reliable. Adjusting the heat meter unit from the household to the building was suggested.

Suggested Citation

  • Ao Luo & Chunyang Li & Jianjun Xia & Pengyue Cheng, 2024. "Thermal Characteristics and User Regulation of Household Heat Metering for Residential District Heating Systems in Northern China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:3:p:579-:d:1326175
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/3/579/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/3/579/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhao, Jing & Zhu, Neng & Wu, Yong, 2009. "Technology line and case analysis of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in Northern heating areas of China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2106-2112, June.
    2. Luo, Ao & Fang, Hao & Xia, Jianjun & Lin, Borong & jiang, Yi, 2017. "Mapping potentials of low-grade industrial waste heat in Northern China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 335-348.
    3. Tunzi, Michele & Benakopoulos, Theofanis & Yang, Qinjiang & Svendsen, Svend, 2023. "Demand side digitalisation: A methodology using heat cost allocators and energy meters to secure low-temperature operations in existing buildings connected to district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yan, Ding & Zhe, Tian & Yong, Wu & Neng, Zhu, 2011. "Achievements and suggestions of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in northern heating regions of China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4675-4682, September.
    2. Zhao, Xiaoli & Li, Na & Ma, Chunbo, 2012. "Residential energy consumption in urban China: A decomposition analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 644-653.
    3. Liu, Lanbin, 2015. "Major issues and solutions in the management system of space heating system in North China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 221-231.
    4. Yuan, Meng & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Schneider, Noémi & Xia, Jianjun & Zheng, Wen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Lipeng, 2024. "Renewable energy and waste heat recovery in district heating systems in China: A systematic review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    5. Tomasz Cholewa & Alicja Siuta-Olcha & Anna Życzyńska & Aleksandra Specjał & Paweł Michnikowski, 2023. "On the Minimum and Maximum Variable Cost of Heating of the Flat in Multifamily Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Gang Liu & Yuanji Li & Pan Wei & Tian Xiao & Xiangzhao Meng & Xiaohu Yang, 2022. "Thermo-Economic Assessments on a Heat Storage Tank Filled with Graded Metal Foam," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Xu, Peng & Xu, Tengfang & Shen, Pengyuan, 2013. "Energy and behavioral impacts of integrative retrofits for residential buildings: What is at stake for building energy policy reforms in northern China?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 667-676.
    8. Lin, Yuancheng & Chong, Chin Hao & Ma, Linwei & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2022. "Quantification of waste heat potential in China: A top-down Societal Waste Heat Accounting Model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    9. Lo, Kevin, 2014. "A critical review of China's rapidly developing renewable energy and energy efficiency policies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 508-516.
    10. Weihao Huang & Qifan Xu, 2024. "Sustainable-Driven Renovation of Existing Residential Buildings in China: A Systematic Exploration Based on Review and Solution Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-35, May.
    11. Yu, Sha & Eom, Jiyong & Zhou, Yuyu & Evans, Meredydd & Clarke, Leon, 2014. "Scenarios of building energy demand for China with a detailed regional representation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 284-297.
    12. Bao, Lingling & Zhao, Jing & Zhu, Neng, 2012. "Analysis and proposal of implementation effects of heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China in “the 11th Five-Year Plan” period," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 521-528.
    13. Zheng, Saina & Lam, Chor-Man & Hsu, Shu-Chien & Ren, Jingzheng, 2018. "Evaluating efficiency of energy conservation measures in energy service companies in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 580-591.
    14. Lu, Shilei & Feng, Wei & Kong, Xiangfei & Wu, Yong, 2014. "Analysis and case studies of residential heat metering and energy-efficiency retrofits in China′s northern heating region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 765-774.
    15. Che, Zichang & Sun, Jingchao & Na, Hongming & Yuan, Yuxing & Qiu, Ziyang & Du, Tao, 2023. "A novel method for intelligent heating: On-demand optimized regulation of hydraulic balance for secondary networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    16. Yuan, Shanshan & Xu, Wei & Liu, Yan, 2016. "Research of heat metering development situation and application effect evaluation model in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 329-342.
    17. Möhren, S. & Meyer, J. & Krause, H. & Saars, L., 2021. "A multiperiod approach for waste heat and renewable energy integration of industrial sites," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:3:p:579-:d:1326175. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.