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A Novel Formula for Calculating the Dynamic Torque of an Engine Based on Its Geometric Parameters and Static Measurements

Author

Listed:
  • Piotr Bera

    (Department of Machine Design and Maintenance, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Agata Drzewosz

    (Department of Machine Design and Maintenance, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Torque is the fundamental working parameter of the internal combustion engine (ICE). In a spark ignition (SI) ICE, static torque is a function of rotational speed and throttle angle. However, ICE inertia, the distance between the throttle and cylinders, the time interval between subsequent intake strokes and increased oil viscosity in the warm-up phase limit the use of this characteristic in dynamic states. The novel and simple formula for calculating ICE torque in dynamic working states, presented in the article, includes all the mentioned factors. The new formula is based on ICE static tests where the torque, speed, throttle angle and airflow are measured. On the basis of the intake manifold geometry, the phenomena occurring in this component are described to determine the delay in the ICE response to throttle position changes. Moreover, the influence of ICE inertia is included. Finally, the formula includes the ICE warm-up period, which is characterized by high friction losses that decrease ICE torque. The proposed formula is validated by comparing model performance in dynamic working states with measurements. The results show a high level of accuracy: the delay in ICE response differs by less than 0.01 s, and the calculated torque differs by less than 5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Bera & Agata Drzewosz, 2024. "A Novel Formula for Calculating the Dynamic Torque of an Engine Based on Its Geometric Parameters and Static Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:20:p:5036-:d:1495882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shima Nazari & Jason Siegel & Robert Middleton & Anna Stefanopoulou, 2020. "Power Split Supercharging: A Mild Hybrid Approach to Boost Fuel Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Luca Piancastelli & Marco Toccaceli & Merve Sali & Christian Leon-Cardenas & Eugenio Pezzuti, 2023. "Electric Hybrid Powertrain for Armored Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-27, March.
    3. Xiangyang Xu & Kun Guo & Xuewu Liu & Hongzhong Qi & Peng Dong & Shuhan Wang & Wei Guo, 2022. "Optimal Design of Power-On Downshift Control of Series-Parallel Hybrid Transmission Based on Motor Active Speed Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
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