IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i17p4418-d1470463.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainable Biodiesel Production via Biogenic Catalyzed Transesterification of Baobab Oil Methyl Ester and Optimization Process

Author

Listed:
  • Anietie Etim

    (Chemical Engineering Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa)

  • Paul Musonge

    (Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa)

Abstract

Biomass diesel is one of the sustainable and renewable sources of energy envisaged to hold a prominent position in the world energy infrastructure. In this study, biodiesel was produced from baobab seed oil by transesterification using biogenic heterogeneous catalyst, derived from mixed wastes of white chicken eggshells and banana fruit peels. The production process was statistically analyzed using Box-Behnken Design-Response Surface Methodology (BBD-RSM). The influential transesterification reaction parameters investigated with their ranges include reaction time (40–80 min), molar ratio of oil to methanol (1:9–1:15) and catalyst weight (3–5 wt%). The nano-catalyst (CaO-BFP-850 NPs) was prepared by calcination at high temperature of 850 °C for 4 h, and its properties were found to contain majorly the basic elements of Ca and K when investigated with analytical instruments such as SEM, EDS, DSC-TGA, FT-IR, and XRD. The regeneration test of the CaO-BFP-850 NPs conducted showed it could be reused for more than four cycles with less catalytic efficiency reduction. The ideal conditions instituted by BBD-RSM was 75 min of reaction time, 12.8:1 molar ratio of oil to methanol, and 4.08 wt% CaO-BFP-850 at 65 °C and 650 rpm constant temperature and agitation speed respectively, with the validated biodiesel yield of 96.70 wt%. The assessment of the quality of the biodiesel produced showed compliance with the standard specifications of ASTM D6751, EN 14241, and SANS 833.

Suggested Citation

  • Anietie Etim & Paul Musonge, 2024. "Sustainable Biodiesel Production via Biogenic Catalyzed Transesterification of Baobab Oil Methyl Ester and Optimization Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:17:p:4418-:d:1470463
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/17/4418/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/17/4418/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Foroutan, Rauf & Mohammadi, Reza & Razeghi, Jafar & Ramavandi, Bahman, 2021. "Biodiesel production from edible oils using algal biochar/CaO/K2CO3 as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1207-1216.
    2. Vargas, Edgar M. & Neves, Márcia C. & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Nunes, Maria I., 2019. "Solid catalysts obtained from wastes for FAME production using mixtures of refined palm oil and waste cooking oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 873-883.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao, Xiqiang & Zhou, Xing & Wang, Guoxiu & Zhou, Ping & Wang, Wenlong & Song, Zhanlong, 2022. "Evaluating the effect of torrefaction on the pyrolysis of biomass and the biochar catalytic performance on dry reforming of methane," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 313-325.
    2. Nahas, Lea & Dahdah, Eliane & Aouad, Samer & El Khoury, Bilal & Gennequin, Cedric & Abi Aad, Edmond & Estephane, Jane, 2023. "Highly efficient scallop seashell-derived catalyst for biodiesel production from sunflower and waste cooking oils: Reaction kinetics and effect of calcination temperature studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1086-1095.
    3. Vasaki E, Madhu & Karri, Rama Rao & Ravindran, Gobinath & Paramasivan, Balasubramanian, 2021. "Predictive capability evaluation and optimization of sustainable biodiesel production from oleaginous biomass grown on pulp and paper industrial wastewater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 204-215.
    4. Niu, Shengli & Zhang, Xiangyu & Ning, Yilin & Zhang, Yujiao & Qu, Tongxin & Hu, Xun & Gong, Zhiqiang & Lu, Chunmei, 2020. "Dolomite incorporated with cerium to enhance the stability in catalyzing transesterification for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 107-116.
    5. Binhweel, Fozy & Pyar, Hassan & Senusi, Wardah & Shaah, Marwan Abdulhakim & Hossain, Md Sohrab & Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu, 2023. "Utilization of marine ulva lactuca seaweed and freshwater azolla filiculoides macroalgae feedstocks toward biodiesel production: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and optimization studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 717-730.
    6. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Haron, Saharudin & Mohammed Inuwa, Ibrahim & Anako Opotu, Lawal, 2024. "The catalytic effect of calcium oxide and magnetite loading on magnetically supported calcium oxide-zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Maleki, Basir & Ashraf Talesh, S. Siamak, 2022. "Optimization of ZnO incorporation to αFe2O3 nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production in a sonoreactor: Application on the CI engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 43-59.
    8. Xu, Chunping & Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud & Sajjadi, Mohaddeseh & Maham, Mehdi & Luque, Rafael & Puente-Santiago, Alain R., 2019. "Benign-by-design nature-inspired nanosystems in biofuels production and catalytic applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 195-252.
    9. S, Prabakaran & T, Mohanraj & A, Arumugam, 2021. "Azolla pinnata methyl ester production and process optimization using a novel heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 353-371.
    10. Vargas, Edgar M. & Ospina, Lizeth & Neves, Márcia C. & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Nunes, Maria I., 2021. "Optimization of FAME production from blends of waste cooking oil and refined palm oil using biomass fly ash as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1637-1647.
    11. Xia, Shaige & Li, Jian & Chen, Guanyi & Tao, Junyu & Li, Wanqing & Zhu, Guangbin, 2022. "Magnetic reusable acid-base bifunctional Co doped Fe2O3–CaO nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 421-434.
    12. Paritosh, Kunwar & Bose, Archishman, 2024. "Application of biogenic carbon in renewable energy vectors and devices: A step forward to decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    13. Li, Hui & Wang, Yongbo & Han, Zhihao & Wang, Tianyu & Wang, Yunpu & Liu, Chenhui & Guo, Min & Li, Guoning & Lu, Wanpeng & Yu, Mingzhi & Ma, Xiaoling, 2022. "Nanosheet like CaO/C derived from Ca-BTC for biodiesel production assisted with microwave," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    14. El yaakouby, Ichraq & Rhrissi, Ilyass & Abouliatim, Youness & Hlaibi, Miloudi & Kamil, Noureddine, 2023. "Moroccan sardine scales as a novel and renewable source of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production using palm fatty acid distillate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:17:p:4418-:d:1470463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.