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A Review of Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Progresses and Challenges

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  • Zongao Xie

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

  • Qihang Jin

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

  • Guanli Su

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

  • Wei Lu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China)

Abstract

This review aims to summarize the recent advancements and prevailing challenges within the realm of hydrogen storage and transportation, thereby providing guidance and impetus for future research and practical applications in this domain. Through a systematic selection and analysis of the latest literature, this study highlights the strengths, limitations, and technological progress of various hydrogen storage methods, including compressed gaseous hydrogen, cryogenic liquid hydrogen, organic liquid hydrogen, and solid material hydrogen storage, as well as the feasibility, efficiency, and infrastructure requirements of different transportation modes such as pipeline, road, and seaborne transportation. The findings reveal that challenges such as low storage density, high costs, and inadequate infrastructure persist despite progress in high-pressure storage and cryogenic liquefaction. This review also underscores the potential of emerging technologies and innovative concepts, including metal–organic frameworks, nanomaterials, and underground storage, along with the potential synergies with renewable energy integration and hydrogen production facilities. In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration, policy support, and ongoing research are essential in harnessing hydrogen’s full potential as a clean energy carrier. This review concludes that research in hydrogen storage and transportation is vital to global energy transformation and climate change mitigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zongao Xie & Qihang Jin & Guanli Su & Wei Lu, 2024. "A Review of Hydrogen Storage and Transportation: Progresses and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-30, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4070-:d:1457459
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kecen Li & Jie Chen & Xueqin Tian & Yujing He, 2022. "Study on the Performance of Variable Density Multilayer Insulation in Liquid Hydrogen Temperature Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
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    3. Reuß, M. & Grube, T. & Robinius, M. & Preuster, P. & Wasserscheid, P. & Stolten, D., 2017. "Seasonal storage and alternative carriers: A flexible hydrogen supply chain model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 290-302.
    4. Tarkowski, Radoslaw, 2019. "Underground hydrogen storage: Characteristics and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 86-94.
    5. Zhang, Rufeng & Chen, Yan & Li, Zhengmao & Jiang, Tao & Li, Xue, 2024. "Two-stage robust operation of electricity-gas-heat integrated multi-energy microgrids considering heterogeneous uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Esmaeil Alssalehin & Paul Holborn & Pericles Pilidis, 2025. "Assessment of Hydrogen Storage and Pipelines for Hydrogen Farm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-31, February.
    2. Ruggero Angelico & Ferruccio Giametta & Biagio Bianchi & Pasquale Catalano, 2025. "Green Hydrogen for Energy Transition: A Critical Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-47, January.
    3. Mohammed H. Alshareef & Ayman F. Alghanmi, 2024. "Optimizing Maritime Energy Efficiency: A Machine Learning Approach Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for EEXI and CII Compliance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-28, November.
    4. Qu, Chunzi & Bang, Rasmus Noss & Sandal, Leif K. & Steinshamn, Stein Ivar, 2025. "Hydrogen in Renewable-Intensive Energy Systems: Path to Becoming a Cost-Effective and Efficient Storage Solution," Discussion Papers 2025/1, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.

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