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Analysis of the Energy–Carbon Potential of the Pericarp Cover of Selected Hazelnut Varieties

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Borkowska

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Kamila E. Klimek

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Maj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Magdalena Kapłan

    (Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

The research presents weight estimation and analysis of the energy and carbon potential of the pericarp cover of four hazelnut varieties. A technical and elementary biofuel analysis was carried out for the biomass studied, as well as a correlation and principal component analysis to demonstrate the influence of individual characteristics on the parameters achieved. In addition, emission factors and the composition and volume of flue gases from the combustion of the material studied were estimated based on stoichiometric equations. The research showed that the highest calorific value (LHV) was characterised by the pericarp cover of the ‘Olga’ variety (14.86 MJ·kg −1 ) and the lowest by the ‘Kataloński’ variety (14.60 MJ·kg −1 ). In the case of exhaust volume, the highest volume was obtained from the ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’ variety (250.06 Nm 3 ·kg −1 ) and the lowest from the ‘Kataloński’ variety (12.43 Nm 3 ·kg −1 ). The correlation analysis carried out showed that the HHV and LHV parameters in the covers showed a very strong positive correlation with sulphur content and SO 2 emissions, and a moderate correlation with nitrogen content and its associated NO x emissions, indicating their direct influence on the higher calorific value of biomass.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Borkowska & Kamila E. Klimek & Grzegorz Maj & Magdalena Kapłan, 2024. "Analysis of the Energy–Carbon Potential of the Pericarp Cover of Selected Hazelnut Varieties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:3899-:d:1451601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ana Matin & Ivan Brandić & Neven Voća & Nikola Bilandžija & Božidar Matin & Vanja Jurišić & Alan Antonović & Tajana Krička, 2023. "Changes in the Properties of Hazelnut Shells Due to Conduction Drying," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, February.
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