IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i14p3370-d1431875.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Multi-Agent Approach for the Optimized Operation of Modular Electrolysis Plants

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent Henkel

    (Institute of Automation Technology, Helmut-Schmidt-University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Lukas Peter Wagner

    (Institute of Automation Technology, Helmut-Schmidt-University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Maximilian Kilthau

    (Institute of Automation Technology, Helmut-Schmidt-University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Felix Gehlhoff

    (Institute of Automation Technology, Helmut-Schmidt-University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Alexander Fay

    (Chair of Automation, Ruhr University, 44801 Bochum, Germany)

Abstract

In response to the energy transition to renewable resources, green hydrogen production via electrolysis is gaining momentum. Modular electrolysis plants provide a flexible and scalable solution to meet rising hydrogen demand and adapt to renewable energy fluctuations. However, optimizing their operation poses challenges, especially when dealing with heterogeneous electrolyzer modules. In this work, a combination of decentralized Multi-Agent Systems and the Module Type Package concept is presented that enhances the cost-optimized operation of modular electrolysis plants. This approach synergizes the individual strengths of Multi-Agent Systems in handling complex operational dynamics with the efficiency of the Module Type Package for integration and control capabilities. By integrating these technologies, the approach addresses the heterogeneity of electrolyzer modules and increases the adaptability, scalability, and operational flexibility of electrolysis plants. The approach was validated through a case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving cost-optimized load scheduling, dynamic response to demand–supply fluctuations, and resilience against electrolyzer module malfunctions. In summary, the presented approach offers a comprehensive solution for the effective coordination and optimization of modular electrolysis plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Henkel & Lukas Peter Wagner & Maximilian Kilthau & Felix Gehlhoff & Alexander Fay, 2024. "A Multi-Agent Approach for the Optimized Operation of Modular Electrolysis Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-33, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3370-:d:1431875
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3370/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3370/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Flamm, Benjamin & Peter, Christian & Büchi, Felix N. & Lygeros, John, 2021. "Electrolyzer modeling and real-time control for optimized production of hydrogen gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    2. Ma, Tengfei & Pei, Wei & Deng, Wei & Xiao, Hao & Yang, Yanhong & Tang, Chenghong, 2022. "A Nash bargaining-based cooperative planning and operation method for wind-hydrogen-heat multi-agent energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    3. Kasper, Lukas & Schwarzmayr, Paul & Birkelbach, Felix & Javernik, Florian & Schwaiger, Michael & Hofmann, René, 2024. "A digital twin-based adaptive optimization approach applied to waste heat recovery in green steel production: Development and experimental investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    4. Buttler, Alexander & Spliethoff, Hartmut, 2018. "Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage, grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2440-2454.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kim, Sunwoo & Choi, Yechan & Park, Joungho & Adams, Derrick & Heo, Seongmin & Lee, Jay H., 2024. "Multi-period, multi-timescale stochastic optimization model for simultaneous capacity investment and energy management decisions for hybrid Micro-Grids with green hydrogen production under uncertainty," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 190(PA).
    2. Hunt, Julian David & Nascimento, Andreas & Zakeri, Behnam & Barbosa, Paulo Sérgio Franco, 2022. "Hydrogen Deep Ocean Link: a global sustainable interconnected energy grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    3. Razmi, Amir Reza & Hanifi, Amir Reza & Shahbakhti, Mahdi, 2023. "Design, thermodynamic, and economic analyses of a green hydrogen storage concept based on solid oxide electrolyzer/fuel cells and heliostat solar field," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    4. Oliver Wagner & Thomas Adisorn & Lena Tholen & Dagmar Kiyar, 2020. "Surviving the Energy Transition: Development of a Proposal for Evaluating Sustainable Business Models for Incumbents in Germany’s Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, February.
    5. d'Amore-Domenech, Rafael & Leo, Teresa J. & Pollet, Bruno G., 2021. "Bulk power transmission at sea: Life cycle cost comparison of electricity and hydrogen as energy vectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    6. Yong Zuo & Sebastiano Bellani & Michele Ferri & Gabriele Saleh & Dipak V. Shinde & Marilena Isabella Zappia & Rosaria Brescia & Mirko Prato & Luca Trizio & Ivan Infante & Francesco Bonaccorso & Libera, 2023. "High-performance alkaline water electrolyzers based on Ru-perturbed Cu nanoplatelets cathode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Tubagus Aryandi Gunawan & Alessandro Singlitico & Paul Blount & James Burchill & James G. Carton & Rory F. D. Monaghan, 2020. "At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.
    8. Mehar Ullah & Daniel Gutierrez-Rojas & Eero Inkeri & Tero Tynjälä & Pedro H. J. Nardelli, 2022. "Operation of Power-to-X-Related Processes Based on Advanced Data-Driven Methods: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Trowell, K.A. & Goroshin, S. & Frost, D.L. & Bergthorson, J.M., 2020. "Aluminum and its role as a recyclable, sustainable carrier of renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    10. Han, Fengwu & Zeng, Jianfeng & Lin, Junjie & Zhao, Yunlong & Gao, Chong, 2023. "A stochastic hierarchical optimization and revenue allocation approach for multi-regional integrated energy systems based on cooperative games," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    11. Fambri, Gabriele & Diaz-Londono, Cesar & Mazza, Andrea & Badami, Marco & Sihvonen, Teemu & Weiss, Robert, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of Power-to-Gas plants in a gas and electricity distribution network system with high renewable energy penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    12. Mikovits, Christian & Wetterlund, Elisabeth & Wehrle, Sebastian & Baumgartner, Johann & Schmidt, Johannes, 2021. "Stronger together: Multi-annual variability of hydrogen production supported by wind power in Sweden," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    13. Vincent Henkel & Lukas Peter Wagner & Felix Gehlhoff & Alexander Fay, 2024. "Combination of Site-Wide and Real-Time Optimization for the Control of Systems of Electrolyzers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, September.
    14. Gorre, Jachin & Ortloff, Felix & van Leeuwen, Charlotte, 2019. "Production costs for synthetic methane in 2030 and 2050 of an optimized Power-to-Gas plant with intermediate hydrogen storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    15. Renata Włodarczyk & Paulina Kaleja, 2023. "Modern Hydrogen Technologies in the Face of Climate Change—Analysis of Strategy and Development in Polish Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-25, August.
    16. Stefan Arens & Sunke Schlüters & Benedikt Hanke & Karsten von Maydell & Carsten Agert, 2020. "Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    17. Kinnon, Michael Mac & Razeghi, Ghazal & Samuelsen, Scott, 2021. "The role of fuel cells in port microgrids to support sustainable goods movement," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    18. Bedoić, Robert & Dorotić, Hrvoje & Schneider, Daniel Rolph & Čuček, Lidija & Ćosić, Boris & Pukšec, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2021. "Synergy between feedstock gate fee and power-to-gas: An energy and economic analysis of renewable methane production in a biogas plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 12-23.
    19. Iva Ridjan Skov & Noémi Schneider & Gerald Schweiger & Josef-Peter Schöggl & Alfred Posch, 2021. "Power-to-X in Denmark: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    20. Yin, Linfei & Zhang, Bin, 2023. "Relaxed deep generative adversarial networks for real-time economic smart generation dispatch and control of integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3370-:d:1431875. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.