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Off-Gassing and Oxygen Depletion in Headspaces of Solid Biofuels Produced from Forest Residue Biomass

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  • Kazimierz Warmiński

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńśkiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
    Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Klaudia Anna Jankowska

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńśkiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Bęś

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńśkiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski

    (Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
    Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

As living standards improve worldwide, the demand for energy increases. However, climate changes and decreasing fossil fuel deposits have increased interest in renewable energy sources, including pellets produced from forest residues. This study aimed to compare changes in concentration of gases (CO, CO 2 , O 2 , volatile organic compounds—VOCs) in enclosed headspaces above pellets produced from deciduous (oak OA, birch BI) and coniferous (pine PI, spruce SP) dendromass and selected types of commercial pellets during their storage. The experiment measured the concentration of gas released from the pellets in storage daily for 14 days. The highest mean CO concentration was found for PI pellets (1194 ppm), and the lowest was for OA (63.3 ppm). Likewise, the highest CO 2 concentration was noted for PI pellets (4650 ppm), and the lowest was for BI (1279 ppm). The largest VOC amount was released in the headspace above PI (88.8 ppm), and the smallest was above BI (4.6 ppm). The oxygen concentration was the lowest as measured for PI (minimum 16.1% v / v ) and for SP (19.3% v / v ). The threshold limit value (8 h) for CO was exceeded for all the pellets under analysis and, in the case of CO 2 , only for PI after day 10 of incubation. The study findings are extremely important from a scientific (but mainly from a practical) perspective because of the safety of storing and transporting wood pellets. The knowledge of autooxidation processes in those biofuels can help organize their logistics and storage and result in proper warehouse ventilation and monitoring of noxious gases.

Suggested Citation

  • Kazimierz Warmiński & Klaudia Anna Jankowska & Agnieszka Bęś & Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski, 2023. "Off-Gassing and Oxygen Depletion in Headspaces of Solid Biofuels Produced from Forest Residue Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2023:i:1:p:216-:d:1311076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alakoski, Esa & Jämsén, Miia & Agar, David & Tampio, Elina & Wihersaari, Margareta, 2016. "From wood pellets to wood chips, risks of degradation and emissions from the storage of woody biomass – A short review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 376-383.
    2. Workson Siwale & Stefan Frodeson & Michael Finell & Mehrdad Arshadi & Carina Jonsson & Gunnar Henriksson & Jonas Berghel, 2022. "Understanding Off-Gassing of Biofuel Wood Pellets Using Pellets Produced from Pure Microcrystalline Cellulose with Different Additive Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, March.
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