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Environmental Assessment of Hellisheidi Geothermal Power Plant based on Exergy Allocation Factors for Heat and Electricity Production

Author

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  • Maryori Díaz-Ramírez

    (Research Centre for Energy Resources and Consumption (CIRCE), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIRCE, Fundación CIRCE, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Snorri Jokull

    (Reykjavik Energy, Bæjarháls 1, 110 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Claudio Zuffi

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy)

  • María Dolores Mainar-Toledo

    (Research Centre for Energy Resources and Consumption (CIRCE), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Giampaolo Manfrida

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy)

Abstract

The Hellisheidi geothermal power plant, located in Iceland, is a combined heat and power double-flash geothermal plant with an installed capacity of 303.3 MW of electricity and 133 MW of hot water. This study aimed to elucidate the environmental impacts of the electricity and heat production from this double-flash geothermal power plant. In this vein, firstly, the most updated inventory of the plant was generated, and secondly, a life-cycle assessment approach based on the exergy allocation factor was carried out instead of applying the traditionally used allocations in terms of mass and energy. The functional unit was defined as the production of 1 kWh of electricity and 1 kWh of hot water for district heating. The life-cycle stages included the (i) construction, (ii) operation (including abatement operations and maintenance), and (iii) well closure of the geothermal plant. All of the life-cycle stages from construction to dismantling were considered. Finally, the results on the partitioning of the environmental impact to electricity and heat with exergy allocations showed that most of the impact should be charged to electricity, as expected. Furthermore, the distribution of the environmental impacts among the life-cycle stages determined that the construction stage was the most impactful for the electricity and heat production. This result was attributable to the large consumption of steel that was demanded during the construction of the geothermal power plant (geothermal wells, equipment, and buildings). Impacts due to the abatement stage demonstrated that this stage satisfactorily reduced the total impact attributed to the three life-cycle stages of the geothermal power plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Maryori Díaz-Ramírez & Snorri Jokull & Claudio Zuffi & María Dolores Mainar-Toledo & Giampaolo Manfrida, 2023. "Environmental Assessment of Hellisheidi Geothermal Power Plant based on Exergy Allocation Factors for Heat and Electricity Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3616-:d:1130163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vitantonio Colucci & Giampaolo Manfrida & Barbara Mendecka & Lorenzo Talluri & Claudio Zuffi, 2021. "LCA and Exergo-Environmental Evaluation of a Combined Heat and Power Double-Flash Geothermal Power Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Lorenzo Tosti & Nicola Ferrara & Riccardo Basosi & Maria Laura Parisi, 2020. "Complete Data Inventory of a Geothermal Power Plant for Robust Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Assessment Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Frick, Stephanie & Kaltschmitt, Martin & Schröder, Gerd, 2010. "Life cycle assessment of geothermal binary power plants using enhanced low-temperature reservoirs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2281-2294.
    4. Marta Ros Karlsdottir & Jukka Heinonen & Halldor Palsson & Olafur Petur Palsson, 2020. "High-Temperature Geothermal Utilization in the Context of European Energy Policy—Implications and Limitations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-27, June.
    5. Maria Laura Parisi & Melanie Douziech & Lorenzo Tosti & Paula Pérez-López & Barbara Mendecka & Sergio Ulgiati & Daniele Fiaschi & Giampaolo Manfrida & Isabelle Blanc, 2020. "Definition of LCA Guidelines in the Geothermal Sector to Enhance Result Comparability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    6. Maryori C. Díaz-Ramírez & Victor J. Ferreira & Tatiana García-Armingol & Ana M. López-Sabirón & Germán Ferreira, 2020. "Battery Manufacturing Resource Assessment to Minimise Component Production Environmental Impacts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
    7. Patricia Royo & Luis Acevedo & Álvaro J. Arnal & Maryori Diaz-Ramírez & Tatiana García-Armingol & Victor J. Ferreira & Germán Ferreira & Ana M. López-Sabirón, 2021. "Decision Support System of Innovative High-Temperature Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy-Intensive Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, January.
    8. Maria Milousi & Athanasios Pappas & Andreas P. Vouros & Giouli Mihalakakou & Manolis Souliotis & Spiros Papaefthimiou, 2022. "Evaluating the Technical and Environmental Capabilities of Geothermal Systems through Life Cycle Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-30, August.
    9. Mélanie Douziech & Lorenzo Tosti & Nicola Ferrara & Maria Laura Parisi & Paula Pérez-López & Guillaume Ravier, 2021. "Applying Harmonised Geothermal Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines to the Rittershoffen Geothermal Heat Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-14, June.
    10. Riccardo Basosi & Roberto Bonciani & Dario Frosali & Giampaolo Manfrida & Maria Laura Parisi & Franco Sansone, 2020. "Life Cycle Analysis of a Geothermal Power Plant: Comparison of the Environmental Performance with Other Renewable Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-29, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paweł Ziółkowski & Marta Drosińska-Komor & Jerzy Głuch & Łukasz Breńkacz, 2023. "Review of Methods for Diagnosing the Degradation Process in Power Units Cooperating with Renewable Energy Sources Using Artificial Intelligence," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-28, August.
    2. María Dolores Mainar-Toledo & Maryori Díaz-Ramírez & Snorri J. Egilsson & Claudio Zuffi & Giampaolo Manfrida & Héctor Leiva, 2023. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant for Heat and Electricity Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Wenxiao Chu & Maria Vicidomini & Francesco Calise & Neven Duić & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Qiuwang Wang & Maria da Graça Carvalho, 2023. "Review of Hot Topics in the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems Conference in 2022," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Wenxiao Chu & Maria Vicidomini & Francesco Calise & Neven Duić & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Qiuwang Wang & Maria da Graça Carvalho, 2024. "Hot Topics at the 18th SDEWES Conference in 2023: A Conference Report," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-19, September.

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