An Improved Microseismic Signal Denoising Method of Rock Failure for Deeply Buried Energy Exploration

Microseismic monitoring has become a well-known technique for predicting the mechanisms of rock failure in deeply buried energy exploration, in which noise has a great influence on microseismic monitoring results. We proposed an improved microseismic denoising method based on different wavelet coefficients of useful signal and noise components. First, according to the selection of an appropriate wavelet threshold and threshold function, the useful signal part of original microseismic signal was decomposed many times and reconstructed to achieve denoising. Subsequently, synthetic signals of different types (microseismic noise, microseismic current, microseismic noise current) and with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs, −10~10) were used as test data. Evaluation indicators (mean absolute error μ and standard deviation error σ ) were established to compare the denoising effect of different denoising methods and verify that the improved method is more effective than the traditional denoising methods (wavelet global threshold, empirical mode decomposition and wavelet transform–empirical mode decomposition). Finally, the proposed method was applied to actual field microseismic data. The results showed that the microseismic signal (with different types of noise) could be fully denoised (car honk, knock, current and construction noise, etc.) without losing useful signals (pure microseismic), suggesting that the proposed approach provides a good basis for the subsequent evaluation and classification of rock burst disasters.