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A Robust Model for Portfolio Management of Microgrid Operator in the Balancing Market

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  • Meysam Khojasteh

    (GECAD—Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • Pedro Faria

    (GECAD—Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • Fernando Lezama

    (GECAD—Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • Zita Vale

    (GECAD—Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

The stochastic nature of renewable energy resources and consumption has the potential to threaten the balance between generation and consumption as well as to cause instability in power systems. The microgrid operators (MGOs) are financially responsible for compensating for the imbalance of power within their portfolio. The imbalance of power can be supplied by rescheduling flexible resources or participating in the balancing market. This paper presents a robust optimization (RO)-based model to maintain the balance of a portfolio according to uncertainties in renewable power generation and consumption. Furthermore, load reduction (LR) and battery energy storage (BES) are considered flexible resources of the MGO on the consumption side. The model is formulated based on the minimax decision rule that determines the minimum cost of balancing based on the worst-case realizations of uncertain parameters. Through the strong duality theory and big-M theory, the proposed minimax model is transformed into a single-level linear maximization problem. The proposed model is tested on a six-node microgrid test system. The main contributions of the proposed model are presenting a robust model for portfolio management of MGO and using BES and LR to improve the flexibility of microgrid. Simulation results demonstrate that using LR and BES could decrease the balancing cost. However, the optimal portfolio management to compensate for the imbalance of power is highly dependent on the risk preferences of MGO.

Suggested Citation

  • Meysam Khojasteh & Pedro Faria & Fernando Lezama & Zita Vale, 2023. "A Robust Model for Portfolio Management of Microgrid Operator in the Balancing Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1700-:d:1061998
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hakimi, Seyed Mehdi & Hasankhani, Arezoo & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2021. "Stochastic planning of a multi-microgrid considering integration of renewable energy resources and real-time electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
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    3. Khojasteh, Meysam & Faria, Pedro & Vale, Zita, 2022. "A robust model for aggregated bidding of energy storages and wind resources in the joint energy and reserve markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    4. Scherer, Marc & Haubensak, Oliver & Staake, Thorsten, 2015. "Assessing distorted trading incentives of balance responsible parties based on the example of the Swiss power system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 792-801.
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