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Unlocking the Potential of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling: Assessing Techniques and Metrics for Sustainability

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  • Sandra Sorte

    (TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
    RISCO—Research Centre for Risks and Sustainability in Construction, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Nelson Martins

    (TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Mónica S. A. Oliveira

    (TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • German L. Vela

    (TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Carlos Relvas

    (TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
    LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

Abstract

The rapid growth of the wind energy industry has resulted in a significant increase in Wind Turbine Blade (WTB) waste, posing challenges for recycling due to the composite materials used in their construction. Several proposed techniques, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes, have been considered for wind-blade recycling, but determining the most effective approach remains a critical issue. This study presents the first comprehensive systematic review of available wind-blade recycling processes, evaluating their economic, technical, and environmental performance. Additionally, we consider the physical and mechanical properties of the recycled materials, which can aid in identifying potential markets for these materials. Among the various recycling technologies, microwave pyrolysis emerges as the most promising technique for recycling large quantities of WTB, despite some challenges and uncertainties surrounding its effectiveness and feasibility at an industrial scale. However, the optimal recycling technique for WTB will depend on multiple factors, including the blade material, the desired environmental impact, and the economic feasibility of the process. Based on this review, mechanical recycling appears to be more energy-efficient, while the fluidised bed recycling process demonstrates a lower primary energy demand, global warming potential, and power consumption. These findings provide valuable guidance for decision-makers in the wind energy industry to develop effective waste management strategies and plans for sustainable wind energy development. Addressing WTB waste and implementing efficient recycling techniques will be critical in mitigating environmental impacts and promoting sustainability in the renewable energy sector as the wind energy industry grows.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Sorte & Nelson Martins & Mónica S. A. Oliveira & German L. Vela & Carlos Relvas, 2023. "Unlocking the Potential of Wind Turbine Blade Recycling: Assessing Techniques and Metrics for Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-28, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7624-:d:1282314
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jensen, J.P. & Skelton, K., 2018. "Wind turbine blade recycling: Experiences, challenges and possibilities in a circular economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 165-176.
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