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Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Proxies in Mid-Latitude European Countries

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  • Agnieszka Gil

    (Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
    Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka Str.18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Monika Berendt-Marchel

    (Institute of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland)

  • Renata Modzelewska

    (Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Siluszyk

    (Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland)

  • Marek Siluszyk

    (Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
    Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 35, 08-521 Deblin, Poland)

  • Anna Wawrzaszek

    (Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka Str.18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Anna Wawrzynczak

    (Institute of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
    National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland)

Abstract

The Quebec blackout on 13 March 1989, has made geomagnetically induced current (GIC) research a socially important field of study. It is widely recognized that the effects of space weather, which may affect the power infrastructure, threaten countries located at high latitudes. However, in recent years, various studies have shown that countries at lower latitudes may also be at risk. One of the best proxies of GIC variability is the local geoelectric field, as measured in Eskdalemuir, Lerwick, and Hartland, by the British Geological Survey or modeled using, e.g., a 1D layered Earth conductivity model. In our article, we present a review of the issues related to the impact of the GIC on transformers and transmission lines in Central and Southern European countries, from Greece, Spain, and Italy to Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Poland. The review underlines the importance of the systematic collection of information about power grid failures and the need for further systematic studies of the GIC’s impact on the operation of power grids in mid-latitude countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Gil & Monika Berendt-Marchel & Renata Modzelewska & Agnieszka Siluszyk & Marek Siluszyk & Anna Wawrzaszek & Anna Wawrzynczak, 2023. "Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Proxies in Mid-Latitude European Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:21:p:7406-:d:1273143
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J. P. Eastwood & E. Biffis & M. A. Hapgood & L. Green & M. M. Bisi & R. D. Bentley & R. Wicks & L.‐A. McKinnell & M. Gibbs & C. Burnett, 2017. "The Economic Impact of Space Weather: Where Do We Stand?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 206-218, February.
    2. H. Mavromichalaki & M. Papailiou & S. Dimitrova & E. Babayev & P. Loucas, 2012. "Space weather hazards and their impact on human cardio-health state parameters on Earth," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 64(2), pages 1447-1459, November.
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