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Policy Design for Diffusing Hydrogen Economy and Its Impact on the Japanese Economy for Carbon Neutrality by 2050: Analysis Using the E3ME-FTT Model

Author

Listed:
  • Xu Han

    (Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

  • Pim Vercoulen

    (Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge CB1 2HT, UK
    Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK)

  • Soocheol Lee

    (Faculty of Economics, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-0073, Japan)

  • Aileen Lam

    (The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA)

  • Shinya Kato

    (Faculty of Economics, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan)

  • Toru Morotomi

    (Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan)

Abstract

To achieve carbon neutrality in Japan by 2050, renewable energy needs to be used as the main energy source. Based on the constraints of various renewable energies, the importance of hydrogen cannot be ignored. This study aimed to investigate the diffusion of hydrogen demand technologies in various sectors and used projections and assumptions to investigate the hydrogen supply side. By performing simulations with the E3ME-FTT model and comparing various policy scenarios with the reference scenario, the economic and environmental impacts of the policy scenarios for hydrogen diffusion were analyzed. Moreover, the impact of realizing carbon neutrality by 2050 on the Japanese economy was evaluated. Our results revealed that large-scale decarbonization via hydrogen diffusion is possible (90% decrease of CO 2 emissions in 2050 compared to the reference) without the loss of economic activity. Additionally, investments in new hydrogen-based and other low-carbon technologies in the power sector, freight road transport, and iron and steel industry can improve the gross domestic product (1.6% increase in 2050 compared to the reference), as they invoke economic activity and require additional employment (0.6% increase in 2050 compared to the reference). Most of the employment gains are related to decarbonizing the power sector and scaling up the hydrogen supply sector, while a lot of job losses can be expected in the mining and fossil fuel industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu Han & Pim Vercoulen & Soocheol Lee & Aileen Lam & Shinya Kato & Toru Morotomi, 2023. "Policy Design for Diffusing Hydrogen Economy and Its Impact on the Japanese Economy for Carbon Neutrality by 2050: Analysis Using the E3ME-FTT Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:21:p:7392-:d:1272320
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burandt, Thorsten, 2021. "Analyzing the necessity of hydrogen imports for net-zero emission scenarios in Japan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    2. Hector Pollitt & Jean-Francois Mercure, 2018. "The role of money and the financial sector in energy-economy models used for assessing climate and energy policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 184-197, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abdin, Zainul, 2024. "Empowering the hydrogen economy: The transformative potential of blockchain technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).

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    Keywords

    hydrogen; carbon neutral; Japanese economy; E3ME-FTT model;
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