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Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact

Author

Listed:
  • Julian Struwe

    (Research Group Power Electronic Energy Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, 40476 Duesseldorf, Germany)

  • Holger Wrede

    (Research Group Power Electronic Energy Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, 40476 Duesseldorf, Germany)

  • Hendrik Vennegeerts

    (Electrical Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany)

Abstract

Grid-forming converters are considered a key technology for electrical grids with a high share of renewable energy. However, there is a lack of a general, robust and verifiable definition of what constitutes this behaviour. Therefore, this paper presents three simple scenarios that enable such a definition. They are based on simple black-box simulations that allow manufacturers to protect their development work. It can be shown that grid forming can be clearly distinguished from grid-following controls by their grid behaviour in the proposed scenarios. Extensive results illustrate this and also provide suggestions to deepen the understanding of grid-forming grid behaviour and its impact on system inertia. These findings should inspire the development of a clear definition and ultimately new requirements for converter systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Julian Struwe & Holger Wrede & Hendrik Vennegeerts, 2023. "Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:21:p:7357-:d:1271560
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tielens, Pieter & Van Hertem, Dirk, 2016. "The relevance of inertia in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 999-1009.
    2. Stelios C. Dimoulias & Eleftherios O. Kontis & Grigoris K. Papagiannis, 2022. "Inertia Estimation of Synchronous Devices: Review of Available Techniques and Comparative Assessment of Conventional Measurement-Based Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-30, October.
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