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Review on Gassing Tendency of Different Insulating Fluids towards Transformer Applications

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  • Arputhasamy Joseph Amalanathan

    (Department of High Voltage Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University of Applied Sciences, 02763 Zittau, Germany)

  • Ramanujam Sarathi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India)

  • Maciej Zdanowski

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland)

  • Ravikrishnan Vinu

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India)

  • Zbigniew Nadolny

    (Department of High Voltage and Electrotechnical Materials, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Institute of Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

This paper reports the critical reviews on the gassing tendency of different insulating fluids along with the precautionary measures to be considered during their fault diagnosis in transformer insulation. The experimental techniques and procedures for identifying the gassing due to electrical and thermal stress along with the stray gassing phenomenon has been elucidated. The different interpretation schemes used for determining the faults in transformers results in unexpected errors when the historical data relating to mineral oil is used for the other alternative fluids. Mineral oil and natural ester show a positive gassing tendency compared to synthetic ester which exhibit a negative gassing tendency. The stray gases are mostly due to breakage of C-C bonds under normal operating temperature of transformer. Among the different hydrocarbons, hydrogen and ethylene are more predominantly formed under lower temperatures. The silicone oil and ester fluids are more stable even under localised hot spots simulated observing a lesser gassing compared to the mineral oil. The impact of additives along with the oxygen and water content in the insulating fluids can lead to the stray gas’s causing confusion towards the identification of actual faults occurring in transformers. Furthermore, the regeneration of insulating fluids using different adsorbents reduces the gassing tendency depending on the number of cycles used for its reclamation.

Suggested Citation

  • Arputhasamy Joseph Amalanathan & Ramanujam Sarathi & Maciej Zdanowski & Ravikrishnan Vinu & Zbigniew Nadolny, 2023. "Review on Gassing Tendency of Different Insulating Fluids towards Transformer Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:488-:d:1022608
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Janvier Sylvestre N’cho & Issouf Fofana & Yazid Hadjadj & Abderrahmane Beroual, 2016. "Review of Physicochemical-Based Diagnostic Techniques for Assessing Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-29, May.
    2. Rahman Azis Prasojo & Harry Gumilang & Suwarno & Nur Ulfa Maulidevi & Bambang Anggoro Soedjarno, 2020. "A Fuzzy Logic Model for Power Transformer Faults’ Severity Determination Based on Gas Level, Gas Rate, and Dissolved Gas Analysis Interpretation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Leila Safiddine & Hadj-Ziane Zafour & Ungarala Mohan Rao & Issouf Fofana, 2019. "Regeneration of Transformer Insulating Fluids Using Membrane Separation Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Marek Florkowski & Jakub Furgał & Maciej Kuniewski, 2020. "Propagation of Overvoltages in the Form of Impulse, Chopped and Oscillating Waveforms in Transformer Windings—Time and Frequency Domain Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
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