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Recent Developments in Cooling Systems and Cooling Management for Electric Motors

Author

Listed:
  • Dmytro Konovalov

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Ignat Tolstorebrov

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Trygve Magne Eikevik

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Halina Kobalava

    (Kherson Educational-Scientific Institute, Heat Engineering Department, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, 44 Ushakov av., 73003 Kherson, Ukraine)

  • Mykola Radchenko

    (Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine)

  • Armin Hafner

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1, 7034 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Andrii Radchenko

    (Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine)

Abstract

This study provides an overview of new trends in the development of cooling systems for electric motors. It includes a summary of academic research and patents for cooling systems implemented by leading motor manufacturers at TRL9. New trends in the cooling management of air and liquid cooling systems are discussed and analyzed with a focus on temperature distribution and its influence on the power-to-dimension ratio of electric motors. The prevailing cooling method for synchronous and asynchronous motors is air cooling using external fins, air circulation ducts, air gaps, and fan impellers to enhance efficiency and reliability. Internal cooling with rotor and stator ducts, along with optimized air duct geometry, shows potential to increase the power-to-dimension ratio and reduce motor size. Liquid cooling systems offer a power-to-dimension ratio of up to 25 kW/kg, achieved through redesigned cooling ducts, stator heat exchangers, and cooling tubes. However, liquid cooling systems are complex, requiring maintenance and high ingress protection ratings. They are advantageous for providing high power-to-dimension ratios in vehicles and aircraft. Discussions on using different refrigerants to improve efficient motor cooling are underway, with ozone-friendly natural refrigerants like CO 2 considered to be promising alternatives to low-pressure refrigerants with high global warming potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Dmytro Konovalov & Ignat Tolstorebrov & Trygve Magne Eikevik & Halina Kobalava & Mykola Radchenko & Armin Hafner & Andrii Radchenko, 2023. "Recent Developments in Cooling Systems and Cooling Management for Electric Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:7006-:d:1256241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng Chai & Yue Tang & Yulong Pei & Peixin Liang & Hongwei Gao, 2016. "Temperature Field Accurate Modeling and Cooling Performance Evaluation of Direct-Drive Outer-Rotor Air-Cooling In-Wheel Motor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Alessandro Acquaviva & Stefan Skoog & Emma Grunditz & Torbjörn Thiringer, 2020. "Electromagnetic and Calorimetric Validation of a Direct Oil Cooled Tooth Coil Winding PM Machine for Traction Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Jae Chang Bae & Hyeon Rae Cho & Saurabh Yadav & Sung Chul Kim, 2022. "Cooling Effect of Water Channel with Vortex Generators on In-Wheel Driving Motors in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joohyung Kim & Yoonkwon Lee & Hyomin Jin & Seunguk Park & Sung-Ho Hwang, 2024. "Development of Shift Map for Electric Commercial Vehicle and Comparison Verification of Pneumatic 4-Speed AMT and 4-Speed Transmission with Synchronizer in Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Sangyoon Lee & Sangook Jun & Jae-Sung Huh & Poomin Park & Byeung-Jun Lim, 2024. "Inclined Installation Effect on the Offset Strip Finned Heat Exchanger Designed for a Hybrid Electric Propulsion System in Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Dmytro Konovalov & Ignat Tolstorebrov & Halina Kobalava & Jacob Joseph Lamb & Trygve Magne Eikevik, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of a Low-Temperature Three-Circuit Cooling System for an Electric Motor under Varying Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-27, December.
    4. Dmytro Konovalov & Ignat Tolstorebrov & Yuhiro Iwamoto & Halina Kobalava & Jacob Joseph Lamb & Trygve Magne Eikevik, 2024. "Optimizing Low-Temperature Three-Circuit Evaporative Cooling System for an Electric Motor by Using Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-28, August.

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