IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i14p5438-d1196124.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Management of Hybrid DC Microgrid with Different Levels of DC Bus Voltage for Various Load Types

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy

    (Renewable Energy Lab., College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
    Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt)

  • Umashankar Subramaniam

    (Renewable Energy Lab., College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Ali

    (Renewable Energy Lab., College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai 603203, India)

  • Dhafer Almakhles

    (Renewable Energy Lab., College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This article suggests a hybrid DC microgrid (HDCMG) with different levels of DC bus voltages to use for various types of loads. The available sources in the HDCMG are wind generating systems (WGSs), photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery banks, and the AC grid for emergencies. The various levels of the DC bus voltages are 760 V, 380 V, and 48 V for different application uses such as electric vehicles and home applications. In addition, the controller plays an important role in the proposed system to achieve the desired DC bus voltage levels and extract the maximum power point (MPP) from the WGS and PV systems. In order to check the power continuity for the critical loads and improve the overall system performance, a suggested energy management strategy (SEMS) is developed. The SEMS is based on the optimum generated power and the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery banks. Further, the SEMS is developed as a way to prevent battery storage from overcharging and deep discharging. The mathematical relations of the proposed HDCMG and MPP tracking are described. The bidirectional 3-Φ inverter connects the 760 V bus voltage to the AC grid for regulating this DC bus by absorbing the excess power or supplying the required power during the shortage in the generation and the low SOC of the battery storage. Buck converters with controlled duty cycles rather than constant duty cycles are used to obtain 380 V and 48 V from 760 V to achieve better dynamic responses. The overall HDCMG is evaluated using the MATLAB/Simulink package under different working cases to verify the capability of the control system and the PEMS. The obtained results are discussed and show the good performance and the capability of the overall system under the different scenarios, including (i) a comparison between variable duty and constant duty; (ii) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the acceptable region; (iii) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the critical region; and (iv) high/low generated power and the SOC of the battery in the overcharging region.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy & Umashankar Subramaniam & Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Ali & Dhafer Almakhles, 2023. "Energy Management of Hybrid DC Microgrid with Different Levels of DC Bus Voltage for Various Load Types," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-32, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:14:p:5438-:d:1196124
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5438/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5438/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Karabacak, Murat, 2019. "A new perturb and observe based higher order sliding mode MPPT control of wind turbines eliminating the rotor inertial effect," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 807-827.
    2. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2016. "Maximum mechanical power extraction from wind turbines using novel proposed high accuracy single-sensor-based maximum power point tracking technique," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1219-1230.
    3. Chauhan, Anurag & Saini, R.P., 2016. "Discrete harmony search based size optimization of Integrated Renewable Energy System for remote rural areas of Uttarakhand state in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 587-604.
    4. Bendib, Boualem & Belmili, Hocine & Krim, Fateh, 2015. "A survey of the most used MPPT methods: Conventional and advanced algorithms applied for photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 637-648.
    5. Sadaqat Ali & Zhixue Zheng & Michel Aillerie & Jean-Paul Sawicki & Marie-Cécile Péra & Daniel Hissel, 2021. "A Review of DC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Dedicated to Residential Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-26, July.
    6. Yalin Liang & Yuyao He & Yun Niu, 2022. "Robust Errorless-Control-Targeted Technique Based on MPC for Microgrid with Uncertain Electric Vehicle Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-23, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mario Versaci & Fabio La Foresta, 2024. "Fuzzy Approach for Managing Renewable Energy Flows for DC-Microgrid with Composite PV-WT Generators and Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-31, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pal, Ankit & Ilango, G. Saravana, 2024. "Design and techno-economic analysis of an off-grid integrated PV-biogas system with a constant temperature digester for a cost-effective rural application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    2. Panagiotis Michailidis & Iakovos Michailidis & Dimitrios Vamvakas & Elias Kosmatopoulos, 2023. "Model-Free HVAC Control in Buildings: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-45, October.
    3. M. Bilal Nasir & Asif Hussain & Kamran Ali Khan Niazi & Mashood Nasir, 2022. "An Optimal Energy Management System (EMS) for Residential and Industrial Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Sulman Shahzad & Muhammad Abbas Abbasi & Hassan Ali & Muhammad Iqbal & Rania Munir & Heybet Kilic, 2023. "Possibilities, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, April.
    5. Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar & Pandav Kiran Maroti & Frede Blaabjerg & Viliam Fedák, 2018. "An Original Transformer and Switched-Capacitor (T & SC)-Based Extension for DC-DC Boost Converter for High-Voltage/Low-Current Renewable Energy Applications: Hardware Implementation of a New T & SC Bo," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-23, March.
    6. Abderrazek Saoudi & Saber Krim & Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni, 2021. "Enhanced Intelligent Closed Loop Direct Torque and Flux Control of Induction Motor for Standalone Photovoltaic Water Pumping System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Wang, Jian-jun & Deng, Yu-cong & Sun, Wen-biao & Zheng, Xiao-bin & Cui, Zheng, 2023. "Maximum power point tracking method based on impedance matching for a micro hydropower generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    8. Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & G. M. Shafiullah & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, 2019. "A State-of-the-Art Review on the Drive of Renewables in Gujarat, State of India: Present Situation, Barriers and Future Initiatives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-30, December.
    9. Tae-Gyu Kim & Hoon Lee & Chang-Gyun An & Junsin Yi & Chung-Yuen Won, 2023. "Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Energy Management Strategy Based on Two-Step ANN," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-23, February.
    10. Shi, Ruifeng & Li, Shaopeng & Zhang, Penghui & Lee, Kwang Y., 2020. "Integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in V2G network with adjustable robust optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1067-1080.
    11. Abbes Kihal & Fateh Krim & Billel Talbi & Abdelbaset Laib & Abdeslem Sahli, 2018. "A Robust Control of Two-Stage Grid-Tied PV Systems Employing Integral Sliding Mode Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, October.
    12. Mohseni, Soheil & Brent, Alan C. & Burmester, Daniel, 2020. "A comparison of metaheuristics for the optimal capacity planning of an isolated, battery-less, hydrogen-based micro-grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    13. Ghazi A. Ghazi & Hany M. Hasanien & Essam A. Al-Ammar & Rania A. Turky & Wonsuk Ko & Sisam Park & Hyeong-Jin Choi, 2022. "African Vulture Optimization Algorithm-Based PI Controllers for Performance Enhancement of Hybrid Renewable-Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-26, July.
    14. Dali, Ali & Abdelmalek, Samir & Bakdi, Azzeddine & Bettayeb, Maamar, 2021. "A new robust control scheme: Application for MPP tracking of a PMSG-based variable-speed wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1021-1034.
    15. Schepel, Veikko & Tozzi, Arianna & Klement, Marianne & Ziar, Hesan & Isabella, Olindo & Zeman, Miro, 2020. "The Dutch PV portal 2.0: An online photovoltaic performance modeling environment for the Netherlands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 175-186.
    16. Yi Jin & Wenhui Hou & Guiqiang Li & Xiao Chen, 2017. "A Glowworm Swarm Optimization-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic/Thermal Systems under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation and Temperature Distribution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-13, April.
    17. Fathy, Ahmed & Ferahtia, Seydali & Rezk, Hegazy & Yousri, Dalia & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G., 2022. "Optimal adaptive fuzzy management strategy for fuel cell-based DC microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    18. Md Ohirul Qays & Yonis Buswig & Md Liton Hossain & Ahmed Abu-Siada, 2020. "Active Charge Balancing Strategy Using the State of Charge Estimation Technique for a PV-Battery Hybrid System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    19. Lu Liu & Yun Zeng, 2023. "Intelligent ISSA-Based Non-Singular Terminal Sliding-Mode Control of DC–DC Boost Converter Feeding a Constant Power Load System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    20. Suresh Vendoti & M. Muralidhar & R. Kiranmayi, 2021. "Techno-economic analysis of off-grid solar/wind/biogas/biomass/fuel cell/battery system for electrification in a cluster of villages by HOMER software," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 351-372, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:14:p:5438-:d:1196124. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.