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Review of Biofuel Effect on Emissions of Various Types of Marine Propulsion and Auxiliary Engines

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  • Theofanis D. Chountalas

    (Laboratory of Heterogeneous Mixtures, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece)

  • Maria Founti

    (Laboratory of Heterogeneous Mixtures, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece)

  • Dimitrios T. Hountalas

    (Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The International Maritime Organization aims to reduce the maritime industry’s carbon emissions by 40% in the next two decades and has introduced measures to control CO 2 emissions. These have significantly increased interest regarding biofuels, which can be used immediately on existing vessels, reducing their carbon footprint. The most common variant is B30, a blend of 70% crude oil and 30% biodiesel. Concerns exist for the potential effect on engine performance and NO x emissions. Scientific works on the subject are limited for two-stroke marine engines, while some studies are available for four-stroke ones, usually auxiliaries. To increase information availability on the subject, in this work, we review the results of testing on multiple marine engine types, two-stroke propulsion and four-stroke auxiliary units using B30 and conventional fuels. The effect on emissions and fuel efficiency is examined and cross-referenced with the available literature. A small increase in specific fuel consumption was observed for B30 use that varied with engine type. The increase was on average 1% for two-stroke and 2.5% for four-stroke engines. The effect of B30 on NO x emissions was low but varied between engines. For low-speed two-stroke engines, NO x increase was on average 4% compared to crude oil, and 2.4% for four-stroke auxiliary units, albeit with higher variance. For some four-stroke units, a decrease in emissions was found. All previous results were in line with other published studies. Overall, it was found that while biofuel effect can vary considerably between applications, 30% biodiesel blends can be used with no concerns regarding emissions and fuel efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Theofanis D. Chountalas & Maria Founti & Dimitrios T. Hountalas, 2023. "Review of Biofuel Effect on Emissions of Various Types of Marine Propulsion and Auxiliary Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:12:p:4647-:d:1168621
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cherng-Yuan Lin, 2013. "Effects of Biodiesel Blend on Marine Fuel Characteristics for Marine Vessels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-11, September.
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    3. Wei, Lijiang & Cheng, Rupeng & Mao, Hongjun & Geng, Peng & Zhang, Yanjie & You, Kun, 2018. "Combustion process and NOx emissions of a marine auxiliary diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 73-80.
    4. Mohd Noor, C.W. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, R., 2018. "Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 127-142.
    5. Pandey, Rajesh Kumar & Rehman, A. & Sarviya, R.M., 2012. "Impact of alternative fuel properties on fuel spray behavior and atomization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1762-1778.
    6. Agarwal, Deepak & Sinha, Shailendra & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, 2006. "Experimental investigation of control of NOx emissions in biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 2356-2369.
    7. Chountalas, Theofanis D. & Founti, Maria & Tsalavoutas, Ioannis, 2023. "Evaluation of biofuel effect on performance & emissions of a 2-stroke marine diesel engine using on-board measurements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
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    1. Sagin, Sergii V. & Sagin, Sergii S. & Fomin, Oleksij & Gaichenia, Oleksandr & Zablotskyi, Yurii & Píštěk, Václav & Kučera, Pavel, 2024. "Use of biofuels in marine diesel engines for sustainable and safe maritime transport," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).

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