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A Novel Bio-Architectural Temporary Housing Designed for the Mediterranean Area: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Bruno

    (Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria (Italy), 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Piero Bevilacqua

    (Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria (Italy), 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Antonino Rollo

    (Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria (Italy), 87036 Rende, Italy)

  • Francesco Barreca

    (Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy)

  • Natale Arcuri

    (Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering Department, University of Calabria (Italy), 87036 Rende, Italy)

Abstract

Energy performances of an innovative Temporary Housing Unit (THU), made of natural materials and developed for the Mediterranean area, were determined. Cork panels limit winter transmission losses, whereas bio-PCMs were applied to reduce cooling needs properly. Assuming a split system for air-conditioning purposes, simulations in EnergyPlus allowed for identifying the optimal configuration that minimizes the annual electric demand. Bio-PCM melting temperatures, locations inside the external walls and the PCM quantities were varied. An ideal melting temperature of 23 °C was identified, whereas a double PCM layer uniformly distributed in the external walls is recommended, mainly for the limitation of the cooling demands. Negligible differences in electric requirements have been observed between the continuous and the scheduled functioning of the split system. A PV generator installed on the available roof surface allows for covering the electric demands satisfactorily. Experimental tests carried out in a climatic chamber have allowed for determining the dynamic thermal performance of the optimized panel by considering variable external conditions. Results show how the considered PCM in summer is able to delay and attenuate the indoor air temperature peaks considerably, confirming the crucial role of bio-PCM to reduce cooling demands, in line with the simulation results.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Bruno & Piero Bevilacqua & Antonino Rollo & Francesco Barreca & Natale Arcuri, 2022. "A Novel Bio-Architectural Temporary Housing Designed for the Mediterranean Area: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3243-:d:804848
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Evola, G. & Marletta, L., 2015. "The Solar Response Factor to calculate the cooling load induced by solar gains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 431-441.
    2. Alexander Fekete & Lisa Bross & Steffen Krause & Florian Neisser & Katerina Tzavella, 2021. "Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Khaireldin Faraj & Mahmoud Khaled & Jalal Faraj & Farouk Hachem & Cathy Castelain, 2022. "A Summary Review on Experimental Studies for PCM Building Applications: Towards Advanced Modular Prototype," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-43, February.
    4. Anna Bać & Magdalena Nemś & Artur Nemś & Jacek Kasperski, 2019. "Sustainable Integration of a Solar Heating System into a Single-Family House in the Climate of Central Europe—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Piero Bevilacqua & Stefania Perrella & Daniela Cirone & Roberto Bruno & Natale Arcuri, 2021. "Efficiency Improvement of Photovoltaic Modules via Back Surface Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
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    Cited by:

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