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Expert-Guided Security Risk Assessment of Evolving Power Grids

Author

Listed:
  • Seppo Borenius

    (Department of Communications and Networking, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Pavithra Gopalakrishnan

    (Department of Communications and Networking, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Lina Bertling Tjernberg

    (Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Raimo Kantola

    (Department of Communications and Networking, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

Electric power grids, which form an essential part of the critical infrastructure, are evolving into highly distributed, dynamic networks in order to address the climate change. This fundamental transition relies on extensive automation solutions based on communications and information technologies. Thus, it also gives rise to new attack points for malicious actors and consequently, increases the vulnerability of the electric energy system. This study presents a qualitative assessment of power grid cybersecurity through expert interviews across countries in Europe and the U.S. to gain understanding of the latest developments and trends in the cybersecurity of future electric energy systems. The horizon of the assessment is 10 years spanning until the early 2030s. Thereafter, the study identifies how and to which extent the risks identified to be most significant are understood and addressed in the latest research and industry publications aiming at identifying areas deserving specific further attention. The most significant threats based on the assessment are False Data Injection (FDI), Denial of Service (DoS) supply chain, and ransomware and malware attacks.

Suggested Citation

  • Seppo Borenius & Pavithra Gopalakrishnan & Lina Bertling Tjernberg & Raimo Kantola, 2022. "Expert-Guided Security Risk Assessment of Evolving Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3237-:d:804677
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chenyang Liu & Yazeed Alrowaili & Neetesh Saxena & Charalambos Konstantinou, 2021. "Cyber Risks to Critical Smart Grid Assets of Industrial Control Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Abel Yeboah-Ofori & Shareeful Islam, 2019. "Cyber Security Threat Modeling for Supply Chain Organizational Environments," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-25, March.
    3. Shahid Tufail & Imtiaz Parvez & Shanzeh Batool & Arif Sarwat, 2021. "A Survey on Cybersecurity Challenges, Detection, and Mitigation Techniques for the Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    4. Farzam Nejabatkhah & Yun Wei Li & Hao Liang & Rouzbeh Reza Ahrabi, 2020. "Cyber-Security of Smart Microgrids: A Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-27, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mostafa Shokry & Ali Ismail Awad & Mahmoud Khaled Abd-Ellah & Ashraf A. M. Khalaf, 2023. "When Security Risk Assessment Meets Advanced Metering Infrastructure: Identifying the Appropriate Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Jianguo Ding & Attia Qammar & Zhimin Zhang & Ahmad Karim & Huansheng Ning, 2022. "Cyber Threats to Smart Grids: Review, Taxonomy, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-37, September.
    3. Diao, Xiaoxu & Zhao, Yunfei & Smidts, Carol & Vaddi, Pavan Kumar & Li, Ruixuan & Lei, Hangtian & Chakhchoukh, Yacine & Johnson, Brian & Blanc, Katya Le, 2024. "Dynamic probabilistic risk assessment for electric grid cybersecurity," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    4. Michał Bajor & Marcin Niemiec, 2022. "An Asynchronous AAA Blockchain-Based Protocol for Configuring Information Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-19, September.

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