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Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center

Author

Listed:
  • César Augusto Santana Castelo Branco

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Fabricio Pereira Moraes

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Hércules Araújo Oliveira

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Pedro Bezerra Leite Neto

    (Electrical Engineering Coordination CCEEB/CPBL, Federal University of Maranhão, Balsas 65800-000, MA, Brazil)

  • Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • José Gomes de Matos

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Clóvis Bosco Mendonça Oliveira

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Luiz Antonio de S. Ribeiro

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Institute, CCET, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus São Luís, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966-Vila Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil)

  • Alexandre Cunha Oliveira

    (Department Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Universitário, Campina Grande 58428-830, PB, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Fernado Augusto Júnior

    (Equatorial Energia, Av. Dep. Luís Eduardo Magalhães, s/n-Cohafuma, São Luís 65071-680, MA, Brazil)

  • Lucas de Paula Assunção Pinheiro

    (Equatorial Energia, Av. Dep. Luís Eduardo Magalhães, s/n-Cohafuma, São Luís 65071-680, MA, Brazil)

  • Rogério Moreira Cazo

    (Brazilian Air Force/Alcântara Space Center, Alcântara 65250-000, MA, Brazil)

Abstract

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n − 1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application.

Suggested Citation

  • César Augusto Santana Castelo Branco & Fabricio Pereira Moraes & Hércules Araújo Oliveira & Pedro Bezerra Leite Neto & Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra & José Gomes de Matos & Clóvis Bosco Mendonça Oliveira & , 2022. "Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3226-:d:804320
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mengelkamp, Esther & Gärttner, Johannes & Rock, Kerstin & Kessler, Scott & Orsini, Lawrence & Weinhardt, Christof, 2018. "Designing microgrid energy markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 870-880.
    2. Ribeiro, Luiz A. de S. & Saavedra, Osvaldo R. & Lima, Shigeaki. L. & de Matos, José G. & Bonan, Guilherme, 2012. "Making isolated renewable energy systems more reliable," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 221-231.
    3. Danny Espín-Sarzosa & Rodrigo Palma-Behnke & Oscar Núñez-Mata, 2020. "Energy Management Systems for Microgrids: Main Existing Trends in Centralized Control Architectures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-32, January.
    4. Nelson, James & Johnson, Nathan G. & Fahy, Kelsey & Hansen, Timothy A., 2020. "Statistical development of microgrid resilience during islanding operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. José F. C. Castro & Ronaldo A. Roncolatto & Antonio R. Donadon & Vittoria E. M. S. Andrade & Pedro Rosas & Rafael G. Bento & José G. Matos & Fernando A. Assis & Francisco C. R. Coelho & Rodolfo Quadro, 2023. "Microgrid Applications and Technical Challenges—The Brazilian Status of Connection Standards and Operational Procedures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.

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