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Circular Economy Framework for Energy Recovery in Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater

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  • Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa

    (College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
    Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Tafawa Balewa Way, PMB 2339, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria
    Center for Energy, Environmental and Strategic Research, Kaduna State University (KASU), Tafawa Balewa Way, PMB 2339, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria)

  • Gasim Hayder

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia)

  • Siti Indati Mustapa

    (Institute of Energy Policy and Research (IEPRe), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia)

Abstract

Circular economy (CE) strategy is crucial in developing towards sustainable growth. It was created to promote resource utilization and the elimination of waste production. This article aimed to study the possibilities of using the CE framework in wastewater bioremediation and energy recovery using hydroponic tanks. The integration of phytoremediation with bioenergy, construction and lifespan of hydroponic tanks in phytoremediation of wastewater, selection of aquatic plants and the expected challenges in the implementation of CE in phytoremediation of wastewater were discussed. The plant-based biomass harvested and the relative growth rate (RGR) of the selected plants from the phytoremediation process was evaluated. The findings obtained indicated that the selected plants tripled in weight after 14 days cultivation period at different retention times. E. crassipes recorded the highest growth with 2.5 ± 0.03 g g −1 d −1 , followed by S. molesta with 1.33 ± 0.05 g g −1 d −1 and then P. stratiotes recorded 0.92 ± 0.27 g g −1 d −1 at the end of the cultivation period. Therefore, the selected plants have been identified as having the potential to be used in phytoremediation as well as a source of energy production. The outcome of our review suggested the adoption of a lifecycle assessment as the CE framework for the phytoremediation of wastewater.

Suggested Citation

  • Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa & Gasim Hayder & Siti Indati Mustapa, 2022. "Circular Economy Framework for Energy Recovery in Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3075-:d:799941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amaryllis Mavragani & Ioannis E. Nikolaou & Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis, 2016. "Open Economy, Institutional Quality, and Environmental Performance: A Macroeconomic Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Elisabeth Viles & Javier Santos & Tamara Fernández Arévalo & Martín Tanco & Florencia Kalemkerian, 2020. "A New Mindset for Circular Economy Strategies: Case Studies of Circularity in the Use of Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Korhonen, Jouni & Honkasalo, Antero & Seppälä, Jyri, 2018. "Circular Economy: The Concept and its Limitations," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 37-46.
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