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Single-Phase Charging of EV Embedded Batteries in an MMC with Submodule Override Capability

Author

Listed:
  • Alaa Omar

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand)

  • Alan Wood

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand)

  • Hamish Laird

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand)

  • Paul Gaynor

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand)

Abstract

The modular multilevel converter with embedded batteries is a viable alternative in electric vehicle drive systems. This research investigates integrated charging of the embedded batteries in a three-phase converter from a single-phase source without any additional hardware requirements. Two phases of the converter are connected to the supply while the third converter leg is not connected. In a typical charging of the converter batteries, the batteries with a lower state of charge are prioritised. Then all batteries are balanced at an average global state of charge. This research proposes a new sorting algorithm of the converter batteries with an override capability to bypass any individual submodule if required. This bypassing capability is modulation method independent, thus can be integrated with any modulation method. Simulation results and a real-time emulation of the charging system validate the proposed control method and the override algorithm. In addition, an open-loop switching technique is integrated with a new nearest level control-based measurement method of the battery terminal voltage to estimate its initial state of charge. This measurement facilitates a reduced number of voltage sensors for hardware implementation. This method was simulated and validated by comparing the calculated and the measured values of the battery initial state of charge. Real-time emulation of the system utilising hardware-in-the-loop apparatus was carried out, which confirmed the developed control system functions as expected.

Suggested Citation

  • Alaa Omar & Alan Wood & Hamish Laird & Paul Gaynor, 2022. "Single-Phase Charging of EV Embedded Batteries in an MMC with Submodule Override Capability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:6:p:2276-:d:775896
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benedikt Rzepka & Simon Bischof & Thomas Blank, 2021. "Implementing an Extended Kalman Filter for SoC Estimation of a Li-Ion Battery with Hysteresis: A Step-by-Step Guide," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, June.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    MMC-EB; EV; SOC balancing; charging;
    All these keywords.

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