IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i4p1333-d747946.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Fuzzy Logic-Based Emulated Inertia Control to a Supercapacitor System to Improve Inertia in a Low Inertia Grid with Renewables

Author

Listed:
  • Ratnam Kamala Sarojini

    (Capgemini Technology Services India Limited, Bengaluru 560048, India)

  • Kaliannan Palanisamy

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India)

  • Enrico De Tuglie

    (Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

Abstract

The contribution of power generation from converter-dominated renewable energy sources (RES) has increased enormously. Consequently, the system inertia is decreasing, and it impacts the frequency of the system. With large-scale integration of power electronic inverter-based power generation from RES, inertia from energy storage devices would be unavoidable in future power grids. In this paper, the inertia emulator is formed with a supercapacitor (IE–SC) to improve inertia in a low inertia grid. To emulate the inertia in a low inertia grid, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based emulated inertia controller (FL-EIC) for an inverter attached to IE–SC. The proposed fuzzy logic controller estimates the inertial power required based on the frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). The output of the fuzzy controller adds to the conventional emulated inertia control (EIC) technique to alter the load angle for the power electronic inverter of IE–SC. Specifically, the proposed FL-EIC achieves inertia emulation by proportionally linking the time derivative of the grid frequency and frequency deviation to active power references of IE–SC. A comparison of the conventional EIC and FL-EIC is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed FL-EIC. Furthermore, real-time simulations with the help of the OPAL-RT real-time simulator (OP 5700) are presented to validate the advantage of the FL-EIC.

Suggested Citation

  • Ratnam Kamala Sarojini & Kaliannan Palanisamy & Enrico De Tuglie, 2022. "A Fuzzy Logic-Based Emulated Inertia Control to a Supercapacitor System to Improve Inertia in a Low Inertia Grid with Renewables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-23, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1333-:d:747946
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/4/1333/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/4/1333/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dreidy, Mohammad & Mokhlis, H. & Mekhilef, Saad, 2017. "Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 144-155.
    2. Jong-Yul Kim & Hak-Man Kim & Seul-Ki Kim & Jin-Hong Jeon & Heung-Kwan Choi, 2011. "Designing an Energy Storage System Fuzzy PID Controller for Microgrid Islanded Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Gomathy Balasubramani & Venkatesan Thangavelu & Muniraj Chinnusamy & Umashankar Subramaniam & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2020. "Infrared Thermography Based Defects Testing of Solar Photovoltaic Panel with Fuzzy Rule-Based Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Ratnam, Kamala Sarojini & Palanisamy, K. & Yang, Guangya, 2020. "Future low-inertia power systems: Requirements, issues, and solutions - A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    5. Ratnam Kamala Sarojini & Palanisamy Kaliannan & Yuvaraja Teekaraman & Srete Nikolovski & Hamid Reza Baghaee, 2021. "An Enhanced Emulated Inertia Control for Grid-Connected PV Systems with HESS in a Weak Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Le & Zhu, Donghai & Zou, Xudong & Hu, Jiabing & Kang, Yong & Guerrero, Josep M., 2023. "Review of frequency regulation requirements for wind power plants in international grid codes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    2. Heylen, Evelyn & Teng, Fei & Strbac, Goran, 2021. "Challenges and opportunities of inertia estimation and forecasting in low-inertia power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    3. Makolo, Peter & Zamora, Ramon & Lie, Tek-Tjing, 2021. "The role of inertia for grid flexibility under high penetration of variable renewables - A review of challenges and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    4. Debanjan, Mukherjee & Karuna, Kalita, 2022. "An Overview of Renewable Energy Scenario in India and its Impact on Grid Inertia and Frequency Response," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    5. Pablo González-Inostroza & Claudia Rahmann & Ricardo Álvarez & Jannik Haas & Wolfgang Nowak & Christian Rehtanz, 2021. "The Role of Fast Frequency Response of Energy Storage Systems and Renewables for Ensuring Frequency Stability in Future Low-Inertia Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    6. Antans Sauhats & Andrejs Utans & Jurijs Silinevics & Gatis Junghans & Dmitrijs Guzs, 2021. "Enhancing Power System Frequency with a Novel Load Shedding Method Including Monitoring of Synchronous Condensers’ Power Injections," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Lourenço, Vitor Alves & Nadaleti, Willian Cézar & Vieira, Bruno Müller & Chua, Hui, 2021. "Methane production test of the anaerobic sludge from rice parboiling industries with the addition of biodiesel glycerol from rice bran oil in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Rafiq Asghar & Francesco Riganti Fulginei & Hamid Wadood & Sarmad Saeed, 2023. "A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-29, May.
    9. Cheng, Yi & Azizipanah-Abarghooee, Rasoul & Azizi, Sadegh & Ding, Lei & Terzija, Vladimir, 2020. "Smart frequency control in low inertia energy systems based on frequency response techniques: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    10. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    11. Yoon, Kwangsuk & Lee, Sang Soo & Ok, Yong Sik & Kwon, Eilhann E. & Song, Hocheol, 2019. "Enhancement of syngas for H2 production via catalytic pyrolysis of orange peel using CO2 and bauxite residue," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    12. Ki Ryong Kim & Sangjung Lee & Jong-Pil Lee & Jaesik Kang, 2021. "An Enhanced Control Strategy for Mitigation of State-Transition Oscillation Phenomena in Grid-Forming Self-Synchronized Converter System with Islanded Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    13. Kanwal, S. & Khan, B. & Ali, S.M. & Mehmood, C.A., 2018. "Gaussian process regression based inertia emulation and reserve estimation for grid interfaced photovoltaic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 865-875.
    14. Dario Garozzo & Giuseppe Marco Tina, 2020. "Evaluation of the Effective Active Power Reserve for Fast Frequency Response of PV with BESS Inverters Considering Reactive Power Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    15. Polleux, Louis & Guerassimoff, Gilles & Marmorat, Jean-Paul & Sandoval-Moreno, John & Schuhler, Thierry, 2022. "An overview of the challenges of solar power integration in isolated industrial microgrids with reliability constraints," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Junfeng Qi & Fei Tang & Jiarui Xie & Xinang Li & Xiaoqing Wei & Zhuo Liu, 2022. "Research on Frequency Response Modeling and Frequency Modulation Parameters of the Power System Highly Penetrated by Wind Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    17. Md Alamgir Hossain & Hemanshu Roy Pota & Walid Issa & Md Jahangir Hossain, 2017. "Overview of AC Microgrid Controls with Inverter-Interfaced Generations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-27, August.
    18. Burgaç, Alper & Yavuz, Hakan, 2019. "Fuzzy Logic based hybrid type control implementation of a heaving wave energy converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1202-1214.
    19. Mararakanye, Ndamulelo & Bekker, Bernard, 2019. "Renewable energy integration impacts within the context of generator type, penetration level and grid characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 441-451.
    20. Kuei-Hsiang Chao & Min-Sen Yang & Chin-Pao Hung, 2013. "Islanding Detection Method of a Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on a CMAC Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-18, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1333-:d:747946. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.