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Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

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  • Nur Najihah Abu Bakar

    (Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
    Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kampus Pauh Putra, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia)

  • Josep M. Guerrero

    (Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Juan C. Vasquez

    (Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Najmeh Bazmohammadi

    (Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Muzaidi Othman

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kampus Pauh Putra, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia)

  • Brian Dalby Rasmussen

    (Port Facility and Environment Management, Port of Aalborg, Langerak 19, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Yusuf A. Al-Turki

    (Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Microgrids are among the promising green transition technologies that will provide enormous benefits to the seaports to manage major concerns over energy crises, environmental challenges, and economic issues. However, creating a good design for the seaport microgrid is a challenging task, considering different objectives, constraints, and uncertainties involved. To ensure the optimal operation of the system, determining the right microgrid configuration and component size at minimum cost is a vital decision at the design stage. This paper aims to design a hybrid system for a seaport microgrid with optimally sized components. The selected case study is the Port of Aalborg, Denmark. The proposed grid-connected structure consists of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic system and wind turbines), an energy storage system, and cold ironing facilities. The seaport architecture is then optimized by utilizing HOMER to meet the maximum load demand by considering important parameters such as solar global horizontal irradiance, temperature, and wind resources. Finally, the best configuration is analyzed in terms of economic feasibility, energy reliability, and environmental impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Nur Najihah Abu Bakar & Josep M. Guerrero & Juan C. Vasquez & Najmeh Bazmohammadi & Muzaidi Othman & Brian Dalby Rasmussen & Yusuf A. Al-Turki, 2022. "Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:431-:d:719993
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wu, Di & Ma, Xu & Huang, Sen & Fu, Tao & Balducci, Patrick, 2020. "Stochastic optimal sizing of distributed energy resources for a cost-effective and resilient Microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Ali M. Jasim & Basil H. Jasim & Florin-Constantin Baiceanu & Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, 2023. "Optimized Sizing of Energy Management System for Off-Grid Hybrid Solar/Wind/Battery/Biogasifier/Diesel Microgrid System," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-34, March.
    2. Alexander Micallef & Josep M. Guerrero & Juan C. Vasquez, 2023. "New Horizons for Microgrids: From Rural Electrification to Space Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-25, February.

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