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Wind Energy on the High Seas: Regulatory Challenges for a Science Fiction Future

Author

Listed:
  • Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui

    (Faculty of Law, Bergen Offshore Wind Centre, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway)

  • Violeta S. Radovich

    (CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Derecho, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales Ambrosio L. Gioja, UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
    ESGN (Escuela de Guerra Naval), Facultad de la Armada, UNDEF (Universidad Nacional de la Defensa), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina)

Abstract

This paper aims to study the current regulation and governance of wind energy turbines on the high seas and detect regulatory challenges. We focus on the existing regulatory framework to develop marine wind farms in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), the nature of wind farms and wind turbines in said areas, and which governance schemes and institutions ought to coordinate and regulate any future marine wind energy development. Our research shows that under public international law, the deployment of wind turbines on (most parts of) the high seas for all States is possible, but many issues still remain, either thinly regulated or unanswered. We inquire where, by whom, and how can marine wind parks be built on the high seas according to public international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the LOSC). Lastly, we evaluate the possible role of marine spatial planning (MSP) in developing wind energy on the high seas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui & Violeta S. Radovich, 2022. "Wind Energy on the High Seas: Regulatory Challenges for a Science Fiction Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9157-:d:991843
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Elsner, Paul & Suarez, Suzette, 2019. "Renewable energy from the high seas: Geo-spatial modelling of resource potential and legal implications for developing offshore wind projects beyond the national jurisdiction of coastal States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 919-929.
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    4. Wang, Qiang & Luo, Kun & Wu, Chunlei & Fan, Jianren, 2019. "Impact of substantial wind farms on the local and regional atmospheric boundary layer: Case study of Zhangbei wind power base in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1136-1149.
    5. Dai, Kaoshan & Bergot, Anthony & Liang, Chao & Xiang, Wei-Ning & Huang, Zhenhua, 2015. "Environmental issues associated with wind energy – A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 911-921.
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