IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i21p7943-d953575.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimizing Fuel Efficiency on an Islanded Microgrid under Varying Loads

Author

Listed:
  • Joo Won Lee

    (Department of Operations Research, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA)

  • Emily Craparo

    (Department of Operations Research, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA)

  • Giovanna Oriti

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA)

  • Arthur Krener

    (Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA)

Abstract

Past studies of microgrids have been based on measurements of fuel consumption by generators under static loads. There is little information on the fuel efficiency of generators under time-varying loads. To help analyze the impact of time-varying loads on optimal generator operation and fuel consumption, we formulate a mixed-integer linear optimization model to plan generator and energy storage system (ESS) operation to satisfy known demands. Our model includes fuel consumption penalty terms on time-varying loads. We exercise the model on various scenarios and compare the resulting optimal fuel consumption and generator operation profiles. Our results show that the change in fuel efficiency between scenarios with the integration of ESS is minimal regardless of the imposed penalty placed on the generator. However, without the assistance of the ESS, the fuel consumption increases dramatically with the penalty imposed on the generator. The integration of an ESS improves fuel consumption because the ESS allows the generator to minimize power output fluctuation. While the presence of a penalty term has a clear impact on generator operation and fuel consumption, the exact type and weight of the penalty appears insignificant; this may provide useful insight for future studies in developing a real-time controller.

Suggested Citation

  • Joo Won Lee & Emily Craparo & Giovanna Oriti & Arthur Krener, 2022. "Optimizing Fuel Efficiency on an Islanded Microgrid under Varying Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7943-:d:953575
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7943/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7943/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Petros Siritoglou & Giovanna Oriti & Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, 2021. "Distributed Energy-Resource Design Method to Improve Energy Security in Critical Facilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Daniel Reich & Giovanna Oriti, 2021. "Rightsizing the Design of a Hybrid Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Craparo, Emily & Karatas, Mumtaz & Singham, Dashi I., 2017. "A robust optimization approach to hybrid microgrid operation using ensemble weather forecasts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 135-147.
    4. Kapetanović, Marko & Núñez, Alfredo & van Oort, Niels & Goverde, Rob M.P., 2021. "Reducing fuel consumption and related emissions through optimal sizing of energy storage systems for diesel-electric trains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    5. Craparo, E.M. & Sprague, J.G., 2019. "Integrated supply- and demand-side energy management for expeditionary environmental control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 352-366.
    6. Rae-Kyun Kim & Mark B. Glick & Keith R. Olson & Yun-Su Kim, 2020. "MILP-PSO Combined Optimization Algorithm for an Islanded Microgrid Scheduling with Detailed Battery ESS Efficiency Model and Policy Considerations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Àlex Alonso-Travesset & Helena Martín & Sergio Coronas & Jordi de la Hoz, 2022. "Optimization Models under Uncertainty in Distributed Generation Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-40, March.
    2. Romero-Quete, David & Garcia, Javier Rosero, 2019. "An affine arithmetic-model predictive control approach for optimal economic dispatch of combined heat and power microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1436-1447.
    3. Wang, Weida & Chen, Yincong & Yang, Chao & Li, Ying & Xu, Bin & Xiang, Changle, 2022. "An enhanced hypotrochoid spiral optimization algorithm based intertwined optimal sizing and control strategy of a hybrid electric air-ground vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    4. Antonio Gabaldón & Ana García-Garre & María Carmen Ruiz-Abellón & Antonio Guillamón & Roque Molina & Juan Medina, 2023. "Management of Railway Power System Peaks with Demand-Side Resources: An Application to Periodic Timetables," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-27, February.
    5. Angel L. Cedeño & Reinier López Ahuar & José Rojas & Gonzalo Carvajal & César Silva & Juan C. Agüero, 2022. "Model Predictive Control for Photovoltaic Plants with Non-Ideal Energy Storage Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    6. Oscar Núñez-Mata & Rodrigo Palma-Behnke & Felipe Valencia & Patricio Mendoza-Araya & Guillermo Jiménez-Estévez, 2018. "Adaptive Protection System for Microgrids Based on a Robust Optimization Strategy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Emrani, Anisa & Berrada, Asmae & Bakhouya, Mohamed, 2022. "Optimal sizing and deployment of gravity energy storage system in hybrid PV-Wind power plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 12-27.
    8. Talaat, M. & Hatata, A.Y. & Alsayyari, Abdulaziz S. & Alblawi, Adel, 2020. "A smart load management system based on the grasshopper optimization algorithm using the under-frequency load shedding approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    9. Se-Hyeok Choi & Akhtar Hussain & Hak-Man Kim, 2018. "Adaptive Robust Optimization-Based Optimal Operation of Microgrids Considering Uncertainties in Arrival and Departure Times of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, October.
    10. Jin, Xiaoyu & Liu, Benxi & Liao, Shengli & Cheng, Chuntian & Zhang, Yi & Zhao, Zhipeng & Lu, Jia, 2022. "Wasserstein metric-based two-stage distributionally robust optimization model for optimal daily peak shaving dispatch of cascade hydroplants under renewable energy uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    11. Shen, Feifei & Zhao, Liang & Du, Wenli & Zhong, Weimin & Qian, Feng, 2020. "Large-scale industrial energy systems optimization under uncertainty: A data-driven robust optimization approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    12. Woan-Ho Park & Hamza Abunima & Mark B. Glick & Yun-Su Kim, 2021. "Energy Curtailment Scheduling MILP Formulation for an Islanded Microgrid with High Penetration of Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Handriyanti Diah Puspitarini & Baptiste François & Marco Baratieri & Casey Brown & Mattia Zaramella & Marco Borga, 2020. "Complementarity between Combined Heat and Power Systems, Solar PV and Hydropower at a District Level: Sensitivity to Climate Characteristics along an Alpine Transect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    14. Craparo, E.M. & Sprague, J.G., 2019. "Integrated supply- and demand-side energy management for expeditionary environmental control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 352-366.
    15. Fei Feng & Xin Du & Qiang Si & Hao Cai, 2022. "Hybrid Game Optimization of Microgrid Cluster (MC) Based on Service Provider (SP) and Tiered Carbon Price," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    16. Daniel Reich & Giovanna Oriti, 2021. "Rightsizing the Design of a Hybrid Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    17. Gianpiero Colangelo & Gianluigi Spirto & Marco Milanese & Arturo de Risi, 2021. "Progresses in Analytical Design of Distribution Grids and Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-43, July.
    18. Mehdizadeh, Ali & Taghizadegan, Navid & Salehi, Javad, 2018. "Risk-based energy management of renewable-based microgrid using information gap decision theory in the presence of peak load management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 617-630.
    19. Mousavizadeh, Saeed & Haghifam, Mahmoud-Reza & Shariatkhah, Mohammad-Hossein, 2018. "A linear two-stage method for resiliency analysis in distribution systems considering renewable energy and demand response resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 443-460.
    20. Nikolaos Kolokas & Dimosthenis Ioannidis & Dimitrios Tzovaras, 2021. "Multi-Step Energy Demand and Generation Forecasting with Confidence Used for Specification-Free Aggregate Demand Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-36, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7943-:d:953575. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.