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Effects of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Rock Analogs

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  • Yao Wang

    (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
    Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China)

  • Shengjun Li

    (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China)

  • Rui Song

    (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Jianjun Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China)

  • Min Ye

    (School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China)

  • Shiqi Peng

    (Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610000, China)

  • Yongjun Deng

    (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
    Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China)

Abstract

Due to the complexity of the sedimentary and diagenetic processes, natural rocks generally exhibit strong heterogeneity in mineral composition, physicochemical properties, and pore structure. Currently, 3D printed (3DP) rock analogs fabricated from sandy materials (silica sand) are widely applied to study the petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of reservoir rocks, which provides an alternative and novel approach for laboratory tests to calibrate the environmental uncertainties, resolve up-scaling issues, and manufacture customized rock specimens with consistent structure and controllable petrophysical properties in a repeatable fashion. In this paper, silica sand with various grain sizes (GS) and Furan resin were used to fabricate rock analogs with different layer thicknesses (LTs) using the binder-jetting 3DP technique. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted on 3DP rock analogs, including helium porosity measurement, micro-CT scanning, SEM, and uniaxial compression. The results indicate that the LT and GS have a great influence on the physical properties, compression strength, and failure behavior of 3DP rock analogs. The porosity decreases (the difference is 7.09%) with the decrease in the LT, while the density and peak strength increase (showing a difference of 0.12 g/cm 3 and 5.67 MPa). The specimens printed at the 200 and 300 μm LT mainly experience tensile shear destruction with brittle failure characteristics. The ductility of the 3DP rocks increases with the printing LT. The higher the content of the coarse grain (CG), the larger the density and the lower the porosity of the specimens (showing a difference of 0.16 g/cm 3 and 8.8%). The largest peak compression strength with a mean value of 8.53 MPa was recorded in the specimens printed with CG (i.e., 100% CG), and the peak strength experiences a decrease with the increment in the content percentage of the fine grain (FG) (showing a difference of 2.01 MPa). The presented work helps to clarify the controlling factors of the printing process and materials characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of the 3DP rock analogs, and allows for providing customizable rock analogs with more controllable properties and printing schemes for laboratory tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao Wang & Shengjun Li & Rui Song & Jianjun Liu & Min Ye & Shiqi Peng & Yongjun Deng, 2022. "Effects of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Rock Analogs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:20:p:7641-:d:943831
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Song, Rui & Wang, Yao & Tang, Yu & Jiajun peng, & Liu, Jianjun & Yang, Chunhe, 2022. "3D Printing of natural sandstone at pore scale and comparative analysis on micro-structure and single/two-phase flow properties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    2. Song, Rui & Liu, Jianjun & Yang, Chunhe & Sun, Shuyu, 2022. "Study on the multiphase heat and mass transfer mechanism in the dissociation of methane hydrate in reconstructed real-shape porous sediments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    3. Yongxiang Zheng & Jianjun Liu & Bohu Zhang, 2019. "An Investigation into the Effects of Weak Interfaces on Fracture Height Containment in Hydraulic Fracturing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Wen Li & Hongwei Yu & Zhengming Yang & Jinlong Li & Xinliang Chen & Longfei Ma, 2022. "Experimental Study on the Sweep Law of CO 2 Miscible Flooding in Heterogeneous Reservoir in Jilin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
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