Distributed Optimization of District Heating Networks Using Optimality Condition Decomposition

The optimal operation of District Heating Networks (DHNs) is a challenging task. Current or future optimal dispatch energy management systems attempt to optimize objectives, such as monetary cost minimization, emission reduction, or social welfare maximization. Typically, this requires highly nonlinear models and has a substantial computational cost, especially for large DHNs. Consequently, it is difficult to solve the resulting nonlinear programming problem in real time. In particular, as typical applications allow for no more than several minutes of computation time. However, a distributed optimization approach may provide real time performance. Thereby, the solution of the central optimization problem is obtained by solving a set of small-scale, coupled optimization problems in parallel. At runtime, information is exchanged between the small-scale problems during the iterative solution procedure. A well-known approach of this class of distributed optimization algorithms is Optimality Condition Decomposition (OCD). Important advantages of this approach are the low amount of information exchange needed between the small-scale problems and that it does not require the tuning of parameters, which can be challenging. However, the DHNs model equation structure brings along many difficulties that hamper the application of the OCD approach. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability range of the presented method.