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Review of the Requirements for Load Following of Small Modular Reactors

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  • Choong-koo Chang

    (Department of Nuclear Power Plant Engineering, KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS), 658-91 Haemaji-ro, Seosang-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 45014, Korea)

  • Harold Chisano Oyando

    (Department of Nuclear Power Plant Engineering, KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS), 658-91 Haemaji-ro, Seosang-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 45014, Korea)

Abstract

CO 2 net neutralization by 2050 is a global target. Renewable energy and nuclear power generation are emerging as major power sources for CO 2 net neutralization. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the load-following operation method of nuclear power plants as a method to compensate for intermittency, which is the biggest weakness of renewable energy. First, this paper looks at the types of SMRs and elaborates the concept and necessity of load following. The comprehensive requirements for the load-following operation of an SMR, i.e., planned operation, automatic generation control, governor-free operation, cooperative control of the reactor and turbine generator, unit control of a multiple-module SMR, cogeneration, etc., are studied. Finally, the interaction between an SMR and the power grid during load-following operation and other technical issues are also reviewed. This paper can be used as a guide for load-following operations or as a guide for requirement analysis when developing a comprehensive control system of load following in SMR fleets.

Suggested Citation

  • Choong-koo Chang & Harold Chisano Oyando, 2022. "Review of the Requirements for Load Following of Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6327-:d:902200
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Locatelli, Giorgio & Boarin, Sara & Fiordaliso, Andrea & Ricotti, Marco E., 2018. "Load following of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) by cogeneration of hydrogen: A techno-economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 494-505.
    2. Aiden Peakman & Bruno Merk & Kevin Hesketh, 2020. "The Potential of Pressurised Water Reactors to Provide Flexible Response in Future Electricity Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Locatelli, Giorgio & Mancini, Mauro & Todeschini, Nicola, 2013. "Generation IV nuclear reactors: Current status and future prospects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1503-1520.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pablo Fernández-Arias & Diego Vergara & Álvaro Antón-Sancho, 2023. "Bibliometric Review and Technical Summary of PWR Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, July.
    2. Timothy Ngumbi Kanyolo & Harold Chisano Oyando & Choong-koo Chang, 2023. "Acceleration Analysis of Canned Motors for SMR Coolant Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-10, August.

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