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Modeling, Optimization, and Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Demand Response Mechanism for the Internal Electricity Market Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources

Author

Listed:
  • Zahid Ullah

    (Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Cleveland, Middlesbrough TS1 4JE, UK)

  • Arshad

    (School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK)

  • Hany Hassanin

    (School of Engineering, Technology, and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK)

Abstract

The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the electrical power system has increased significantly over the past years due to increasing global concern about climate change. However, integrating RESs into the power market is highly problematic. The output of RESs such as wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaics (PVs) is highly uncertain. Their correlation with load demand is not always guaranteed, which compromises system reliability. Distributed energy resources (DERs), especially demand response (DR) programs and energy storage systems (ESSs), are possible options to overcome these operational challenges under the virtual power plant (VPP) setting. This study investigates the impact of using a DR program and battery energy storage system (BESS) on the VPP’s internal electricity market, and also cost-minimization analysis from a utility viewpoint. Three different constrained optimal power flow (OPF) problems are solved such as base case, DR case, and BESS case to determine total incurred costs, locational marginal prices (LMPs), and generator commitments. A scenario tree approach is used to model the uncertainties associated with WTs, PVs, and load demand. The proposed model is investigated on a 14-bus distribution system. The simulation results obtained demonstrate a favorable impact of DR and a BESS on renewable operational challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Zahid Ullah & Arshad & Hany Hassanin, 2022. "Modeling, Optimization, and Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Demand Response Mechanism for the Internal Electricity Market Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5296-:d:868274
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Mostafa Darvishi & Mehrdad Tahmasebi & Ehsan Shokouhmand & Jagadeesh Pasupuleti & Pitshou Bokoro & Jwan Satei Raafat, 2023. "Optimal Operation of Sustainable Virtual Power Plant Considering the Amount of Emission in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-25, July.
    3. Zahid Ullah & Arshad & Hany Hassanin & James Cugley & Mohammed Al Alawi, 2022. "Planning, Operation, and Design of Market-Based Virtual Power Plant Considering Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Łukasz Mazur & Sławomir Cieślik & Stanislaw Czapp, 2023. "Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-31, June.
    5. Angel L. Cedeño & Reinier López Ahuar & José Rojas & Gonzalo Carvajal & César Silva & Juan C. Agüero, 2022. "Model Predictive Control for Photovoltaic Plants with Non-Ideal Energy Storage Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    6. Ali Ahmadian & Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam & Ali Almansoori & Ali Elkamel, 2023. "Optimal Management of a Virtual Power Plant Consisting of Renewable Energy Resources and Electric Vehicles Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming and Deep Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Zahid Ullah & Arshad & Jawad Ahmad, 2022. "The Development of a Cross-Border Energy Trade Cooperation Model of Interconnected Virtual Power Plants Using Bilateral Contracts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-16, November.
    8. Anatoliy Swishchuk, 2023. "Overview of Some Recent Results of Energy Market Modeling and Clean Energy Vision in Canada," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-30, August.
    9. Bartłomiej Mroczek & Paweł Pijarski, 2022. "Machine Learning in Operating of Low Voltage Future Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-30, July.

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