IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i10p3692-d818248.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Window Frames on Annual Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings and Its Contribution to CO 2 Emission Reductions at the City Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Younhee Choi

    (Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan)

  • Akihito Ozaki

    (Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan)

  • Haksung Lee

    (Department of Architecture, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

Abstract

Windows are among building components that have the strongest effect on thermal load. They play a significant role in heat loss in buildings because they usually have a largely higher thermal conductance than other components of the building envelope. Although many studies have highlighted the relevance of heat transfer through frames and aimed to improve their thermal performance, poorly insulated aluminum frames (thermal conductivity of aluminum is 160 W/m·K, while that of polyvinyl chloride [PVC] is 0.17 W/m·K) are still in use in Japan. Therefore, the U-values of different window frames were calculated, and annual thermal loads were calculated according to the window configurations, including the frame, glazing, and cavity. We focused on standard residential buildings in Japan with a total floor area of 120.6 m 2 (two-story building), and the number of newly built houses and the application rate of window configurations in 2019 were surveyed to estimate the CO 2 emissions by regions. CO 2 emissions were reduced by approximately 3.98–6.58% with the application of PVC frames. Furthermore, CO 2 emissions were converted into the amount of CO 2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, which cover nearly 18% of the total land area of Japan. In conclusion, analogous to the amount of CO 2 gas absorbed by cedar trees, the absorption effect was equivalent to 327,743–564,416 cedar trees. Changing the window frame material can facilitate a significant energy-saving effect as a considerable amount of energy is saved, especially at a city scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Younhee Choi & Akihito Ozaki & Haksung Lee, 2022. "Impact of Window Frames on Annual Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings and Its Contribution to CO 2 Emission Reductions at the City Scale," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3692-:d:818248
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3692/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3692/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giorgio Baldinelli & Agnieszka Lechowska & Francesco Bianchi & Jacek Schnotale, 2020. "Sensitivity Analysis of Window Frame Components Effect on Thermal Transmittance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Francesco Asdrubali & Marta Roncone & Gianluca Grazieschi, 2021. "Embodied Energy and Embodied GWP of Windows: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-17, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yulu & Lee, Haksung & Ozaki, Akihito & Choi, Younhee & Arima, Yusuke, 2024. "Experimental and numerical investigation of integrating energy recovery ventilation into a thermodynamic-potential-based passive dehumidification system using renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eckard Helmers & Chia Chien Chang & Justin Dauwels, 2022. "Carbon Footprinting of Universities Worldwide Part II: First Quantification of Complete Embodied Impacts of Two Campuses in Germany and Singapore," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Claudio Zandonella Callegher & Gianluca Grazieschi & Eric Wilczynski & Ulrich Filippi Oberegger & Simon Pezzutto, 2023. "Assessment of Building Materials in the European Residential Building Stock: An Analysis at EU27 Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Saman Abolghasemi Moghaddam & Catarina Serra & Manuel Gameiro da Silva & Nuno Simões, 2023. "Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Glazing Systems towards Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings: Energy Performance, Thermal Comfort, Cost-Effectiveness, and Environmental Impact Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-30, August.
    4. Francesco Asdrubali & Gianluca Grazieschi & Marta Roncone & Francesca Thiebat & Corrado Carbonaro, 2023. "Sustainability of Building Materials: Embodied Energy and Embodied Carbon of Masonry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    5. Jacopo Famiglietti & Hicham Madioum & Mario Motta, 2023. "Developing a New Data-Driven LCA Tool at the Urban Scale: The Case of the Embodied Environmental Profile of the Building Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-30, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3692-:d:818248. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.