IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2021i1p69-d709006.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental Validation of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell and Battery-Based Hybrid Drive without DC-DC for Light Scooter under Two Typical Driving Cycles

Author

Listed:
  • Zhiming Zhang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, 4800 Rd. Caoan, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Jianan Tang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, 4800 Rd. Caoan, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Tong Zhang

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, 4800 Rd. Caoan, Shanghai 201804, China)

Abstract

Faced with key obstacles, such as the short driving range, long charging time, and limited volume allowance of battery-powered electric light scooters in Asian cities, the aim of this study is to present a passive fuel cell/battery hybrid system without DC-DC to ensure a compact volume and low cost. A novel topology structure of the passive fuel cell/battery power system for the electric light scooter is proposed, and the passive power system runs only on hydrogen. The power performance and efficiency of the passive power system are evaluated by a self-developed test bench before installation into the scooters. The results of this study reveal that the characteristics of stable power output, quick response, and the average efficiency are as high as 88% during the Shanghainese urban driving cycle and 89.5% during the Chinese standard driving cycle. The results present the possibility that this passive fuel cell/battery hybrid powertrain system without DC-DC is practical for commercial scooters.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhiming Zhang & Jianan Tang & Tong Zhang, 2021. "Experimental Validation of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell and Battery-Based Hybrid Drive without DC-DC for Light Scooter under Two Typical Driving Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:69-:d:709006
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/69/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/69/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sun, Li & Jin, Yuhui & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Active disturbance rejection temperature control of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sun, Li & Sun, Wen & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Core temperature modelling and monitoring of lithium-ion battery in the presence of sensor bias," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Zichen Lu & Ying Yan, 2024. "Temperature Control of Fuel Cell Based on PEI-DDPG," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Gengjin Shi & Zhenlong Wu & Jian Guo & Donghai Li & Yanjun Ding, 2020. "Superheated Steam Temperature Control Based on a Hybrid Active Disturbance Rejection Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-26, April.
    4. Song, Dafeng & Wu, Qingtao & Zeng, Xiaohua & Zhang, Xuanming & Qian, Qifeng & Yang, DongPo, 2024. "Feedback-linearization decoupling based coordinated control of air supply and thermal management for vehicular fuel cell system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    5. Sun, Li & Li, Guanru & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Combined internal resistance and state-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on extended state observer," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Yurdagül Benteşen Yakut, 2024. "Optimization of Proportional–Integral (PI) and Fractional-Order Proportional–Integral (FOPI) Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization/Genetic Algorithm (PSO/GA) in a DC/DC Converter for Improving ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-19, February.
    7. Zhiming Zhang & Hui Ren & Song Hu & Xinfeng Zhang & Tong Zhang & Jiaming Zhou & Shangfeng Jiang & Tao Yu & Bo Deng, 2022. "Arrangement of Belleville Springs on Endplates Combined with Optimal Cross-Sectional Shape in PEMFC Stack Using Equivalent Beam Modeling and FEA," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-13, November.
    8. Zhao, Chen & Wang, Fei & Wu, Xiaoyu, 2024. "Analysis and review on air-cooled open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Bibliometric, environmental adaptation and prospect," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    9. Chen, Xi & Wang, Chunxi & Xu, Jianghai & Long, Shichun & Chai, Fasen & Li, Wenbin & Song, Xingxing & Wang, Xuepeng & Wan, Zhongmin, 2023. "Membrane humidity control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system using fractional-order PID strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    10. Teresa Donateo, 2024. "Simulation Approaches and Validation Issues for Open-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems in Manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-38, February.
    11. Foster Lubbe & Jacques Maritz & Thomas Harms, 2020. "Evaluating the Potential of Gaussian Process Regression for Solar Radiation Forecasting: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Chaedir, Benitta A. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2021. "Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    13. Teresa Donateo, 2023. "Semi-Empirical Models for Stack and Balance of Plant in Closed-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-40, November.
    14. Wensheng Li & Fanke Yang & Liqiang Zhong & Hao Wu & Xiangyuan Jiang & Andrei V. Chukalin, 2023. "Attitude Control of UAVs with Search Optimization and Disturbance Rejection Strategies," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-16, September.
    15. Bird, Trevor J. & Jain, Neera, 2020. "Dynamic modeling and validation of a micro-combined heat and power system with integrated thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    16. Ma, Zhenxi & Cai, Liang & Sun, Li & Zhang, Xiao & Zhang, Xiaosong, 2024. "Thermodynamics and flexibility assessment on integrated high-temperature PEMFC and double-effect absorption heating/cooling cogeneration cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    17. Han, Chaoling & Chen, Zhenqian, 2021. "Study on the synergism of thermal transport and electrochemical of PEMFC based on N, P co-doped graphene substrate electrode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    18. Xing, Shuang & Zhao, Chen & Zou, Jiexin & Zaman, Shahid & Yu, Yang & Gong, Hongwei & Wang, Yajun & Chen, Ming & Wang, Min & Lin, Meng & Wang, Haijiang, 2022. "Recent advances in heat and water management of forced-convection open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    19. Qianchao Wang & Hongcan Xu & Lei Pan & Li Sun, 2020. "Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Boiler Forced Draft System: A Data-Driven Practice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, May.
    20. Zou, Wei & Froning, Dieter & Shi, Yan & Lehnert, Werner, 2021. "An online adaptive model for the nonlinear dynamics of fuel cell voltage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:69-:d:709006. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.