IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i9p2636-d548861.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of the Potential for Green Hydrogen Fuelling of Very Heavy Vehicles in New Zealand

Author

Listed:
  • Rapha Julysses Perez

    (Center of Renewable Energy and Appropriate Technologies, School of Engineering and Architecture, Ateneo de Davao University, Davao City 8000, Philippines
    Sustainable Energy Systems, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand)

  • Alan C. Brent

    (Sustainable Energy Systems, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa)

  • James Hinkley

    (Sustainable Energy Systems, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand)

Abstract

This study examined the feasibility of green hydrogen as a transport fuel for the very heavy vehicle (VHV) fleet in New Zealand. Green hydrogen is assumed to be produced through water electrolysis using purely renewable energy (RE) as an electricity source. This study chose very heavy vehicles as a potential market for green hydrogen, because it is considered “low-hanging fruit” for hydrogen fuel in a sector where battery electrification is less feasible. The study assumed a large-scale, decentralized, embedded (dedicated) grid-connected hydrogen system of production using polymer electrolytic membrane (PEM) electrolysers. The analysis comprised three steps. First, the hydrogen demand was calculated. Second, the additional RE requirement was determined and compared with consented, but unbuilt, capacity. Finally, the hydrogen production cost was calculated using the concept of levelized cost. Sensitivity analysis and cost reduction scenarios were also undertaken. The results indicate an overall green hydrogen demand for VHVs of 71 million kg, or 8.5 PJ, per year, compared to the 14.7 PJ of diesel fuel demand for the same VHV travelled kilometres. The results also indicate that the estimated 9824 GWh of RE electricity that could be generated from consented, yet unbuilt, RE projects is greater than the electricity demand for green hydrogen production, which was calculated to be 4492 GWh. The calculated levelized hydrogen cost is NZD 6.83/kg. Electricity cost was found to be the most significant cost parameter for green hydrogen production. A combined cost reduction for CAPEX and electricity translates to a hydrogen cost reduction in 10 to 20 years.

Suggested Citation

  • Rapha Julysses Perez & Alan C. Brent & James Hinkley, 2021. "Assessment of the Potential for Green Hydrogen Fuelling of Very Heavy Vehicles in New Zealand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2636-:d:548861
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2636/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2636/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdulla Rahil & Rupert Gammon, 2017. "Dispatchable Hydrogen Production at the Forecourt for Electricity Demand Shaping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Shi, Xunpeng & Liao, Xun & Li, Yanfei, 2020. "Quantification of fresh water consumption and scarcity footprints of hydrogen from water electrolysis: A methodology framework," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 786-796.
    3. Mohammadi, Amin & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "A comprehensive review on coupling different types of electrolyzer to renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 632-655.
    4. Parra, David & Valverde, Luis & Pino, F. Javier & Patel, Martin K., 2019. "A review on the role, cost and value of hydrogen energy systems for deep decarbonisation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 279-294.
    5. Genç, Mustafa Serdar & Çelik, Muhammet & Karasu, İlyas, 2012. "A review on wind energy and wind–hydrogen production in Turkey: A case study of hydrogen production via electrolysis system supplied by wind energy conversion system in Central Anatolian Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6631-6646.
    6. Ludvik Viktorsson & Jukka Taneli Heinonen & Jon Bjorn Skulason & Runar Unnthorsson, 2017. "A Step towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Hydrogen Refueling Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-15, May.
    7. Simone Pascuzzi & Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis & Ileana Blanco & Giacomo Scarascia Mugnozza, 2016. "Electrolyzer Performance Analysis of an Integrated Hydrogen Power System for Greenhouse Heating. A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-15, July.
    8. Vincenzo Franzitta & Domenico Curto & Davide Rao & Alessia Viola, 2016. "Hydrogen Production from Sea Wave for Alternative Energy Vehicles for Public Transport in Trapani (Italy)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Vincenzo Franzitta & Domenico Curto & Daniele Milone & Marco Trapanese, 2017. "Energy Saving in Public Transport Using Renewable Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Haifeng & Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa & Afrane, Sandylove & Adun, Humphrey & Jin, Chao & Yao, Mingfa, 2023. "Deployment of hydrogen in hard-to-abate transport sectors under limited carbon dioxide removal (CDR): Implications on global energy-land-water system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Razzaqul Ahshan, 2021. "Potential and Economic Analysis of Solar-to-Hydrogen Production in the Sultanate of Oman," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Li, Yanfei & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2022. "The economic feasibility of green hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles for road transport in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    3. Ushnik Mukherjee & Azadeh Maroufmashat & Apurva Narayan & Ali Elkamel & Michael Fowler, 2017. "A Stochastic Programming Approach for the Planning and Operation of a Power to Gas Energy Hub with Multiple Energy Recovery Pathways," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Tubagus Aryandi Gunawan & Alessandro Singlitico & Paul Blount & James Burchill & James G. Carton & Rory F. D. Monaghan, 2020. "At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.
    5. Squadrito, G. & Nicita, A. & Maggio, G., 2021. "A size-dependent financial evaluation of green hydrogen-oxygen co-production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 2165-2177.
    6. Genovese, M. & Piraino, F. & Fragiacomo, P., 2024. "3E analysis of a virtual hydrogen valley supported by railway-based H2 delivery for multi-transportation service," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. Yue, Meiling & Lambert, Hugo & Pahon, Elodie & Roche, Robin & Jemei, Samir & Hissel, Daniel, 2021. "Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    8. Stančin, H. & Mikulčić, H. & Wang, X. & Duić, N., 2020. "A review on alternative fuels in future energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    9. Ahmad Alzahrani & Senthil Kumar Ramu & Gunapriya Devarajan & Indragandhi Vairavasundaram & Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, 2022. "A Review on Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Microgrid System: Topologies for Hydrogen Energy Storage, Integration, and Energy Management with Solar and Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, October.
    10. Ayman Al-Quraan & Bashar Al-Mhairat, 2022. "Intelligent Optimized Wind Turbine Cost Analysis for Different Wind Sites in Jordan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, March.
    11. Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu & Victória Gonçalves Ferreira Pereira & Laís Ferreira Crispino Proença & Fabio Souza Toniolo & Andrea Souza Santos, 2023. "A Systematic Study on Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-23, September.
    12. Zhang, Huaiwen & Yao, Yiqing & Deng, Jun & Zhang, Jian-Li & Qiu, Yaojing & Li, Guofu & Liu, Jian, 2022. "Hydrogen production via anaerobic digestion of coal modified by white-rot fungi and its application benefits analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    13. George Lavidas & Francesco De Leo & Giovanni Besio, 2020. "Blue Growth Development in the Mediterranean Sea: Quantifying the Benefits of an Integrated Wave Energy Converter at Genoa Harbour," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    14. Li, Nan & Zhao, Xunwen & Shi, Xunpeng & Pei, Zhenwei & Mu, Hailin & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "Integrated energy systems with CCHP and hydrogen supply: A new outlet for curtailed wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    15. Haugen, Molly J. & Paoli, Leonardo & Cullen, Jonathan & Cebon, David & Boies, Adam M., 2021. "A fork in the road: Which energy pathway offers the greatest energy efficiency and CO2 reduction potential for low-carbon vehicles?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    16. Volodymyr Bulgakov & Simone Pascuzzi & Volodymyr Nadykto & Semjons Ivanovs, 2018. "A Mathematical Model of the Plane-Parallel Movement of an Asymmetric Machine-and-Tractor Aggregate," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-15, October.
    17. Qolipour, Mojtaba & Mostafaeipour, Ali & Tousi, Omid Mohseni, 2017. "Techno-economic feasibility of a photovoltaic-wind power plant construction for electric and hydrogen production: A case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 113-123.
    18. Akito Ozawa & Mai Inoue & Naomi Kitagawa & Ryoji Muramatsu & Yurie Anzai & Yutaka Genchi & Yuki Kudoh, 2017. "Assessing Uncertainties of Well-To-Tank Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydrogen Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-26, June.
    19. Pastore, Lorenzo Mario & Lo Basso, Gianluigi & Sforzini, Matteo & de Santoli, Livio, 2022. "Technical, economic and environmental issues related to electrolysers capacity targets according to the Italian Hydrogen Strategy: A critical analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    20. Teixeira, Fátima C. & Teixeira, António P.S. & Rangel, C.M., 2022. "New proton conductive membranes of indazole- and condensed pyrazolebisphosphonic acid-Nafion membranes for PEMFC," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1187-1196.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2636-:d:548861. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.