IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i6p1515-d513909.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Long-Term Analysis of the Architecture and Operation of Water Film Cooling System for Commercial PV Modules

Author

Listed:
  • Vinícius Silva

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • Julio Martinez

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • Raphael Heideier

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • Jonathas Bernal

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • André Gimenes

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • Miguel Udaeta

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

  • Marco Saidel

    (Energy Group of the Department of Energy and Electrical Automation Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05580-900, Brazil)

Abstract

This work aims at analyzing and architecting natural and artificial parameters to model a water-film cooling system for photovoltaic modules for some months under warm conditions. Methodologically, the theoretical and technical aspects were structured to develop, implement, monitor, and assess the cooling system at an on-grid, outdoor testing unit, considering the following: (i) the criteria to select and to approve the implementation site (infrastructure and climatologic and solarimetric conditions); (ii) the types, frequency and qualities of the monitored data; (iii) the system measurement, monitoring and control equipment; (iv) the commissioning of the system as a whole; and (v) the tests and results empirically obtained. The water-film cooling system reduces the temperature by 15–19%, on average, and up to a maximum of 24–35%. In terms of electric power, there was an average gain of 5–9% at the time of day with the highest solar radiation, and maximum gains of 12% on days with solar radiation above average. Regarding gross energy, average gains of 2.3–6%, and maximum gains of 6.3–12%, were obtained. It was concluded that the test unit helps understand the natural phenomena and the development, operation, and maintenance of performance gain systems of on-grid PV modules for construction on a commercial scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Vinícius Silva & Julio Martinez & Raphael Heideier & Jonathas Bernal & André Gimenes & Miguel Udaeta & Marco Saidel, 2021. "A Long-Term Analysis of the Architecture and Operation of Water Film Cooling System for Commercial PV Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-29, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1515-:d:513909
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1515/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1515/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdelrazik, Ahmed S. & Al-Sulaiman, FA & Saidur, R. & Ben-Mansour, R., 2018. "A review on recent development for the design and packaging of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 110-129.
    2. Said, Zafar & Arora, Sahil & Bellos, Evangelos, 2018. "A review on performance and environmental effects of conventional and nanofluid-based thermal photovoltaics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 302-316.
    3. Nasrin, R. & Hasanuzzaman, M. & Rahim, N.A., 2018. "Effect of high irradiation and cooling on power, energy and performance of a PVT system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 552-569.
    4. Yuan, Weiqi & Ji, Jie & Li, Zhaomeng & Zhou, Fan & Ren, Xiao & Zhao, Xudong & Liu, Shuli, 2018. "Comparison study of the performance of two kinds of photovoltaic/thermal(PV/T) systems and a PV module at high ambient temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1153-1161.
    5. Li, Guiqiang & Shittu, Samson & Diallo, Thierno M.O. & Yu, Min & Zhao, Xudong & Ji, Jie, 2018. "A review of solar photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid system for electricity generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 41-58.
    6. Das, Dudul & Kalita, Pankaj & Roy, Omkar, 2018. "Flat plate hybrid photovoltaic- thermal (PV/T) system: A review on design and development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 111-130.
    7. Elbreki, A.M. & Alghoul, M.A. & Al-Shamani, A.N. & Ammar, A.A. & Yegani, Bita & Aboghrara, Alsanossi M. & Rusaln, M.H. & Sopian, K., 2016. "The role of climatic-design-operational parameters on combined PV/T collector performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 602-647.
    8. Lamnatou, Chr. & Chemisana, D., 2017. "Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems: A review with emphasis on environmental issues," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 270-287.
    9. Lucas, M. & Ruiz, J. & Aguilar, F.J. & Cutillas, C.G. & Kaiser, A.S. & Vicente, P.G., 2019. "Experimental study of a modified evaporative photovoltaic chimney including water sliding," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 161-168.
    10. Han, Hongyun & Wu, Shu & Zhang, Zhijian, 2018. "Factors underlying rural household energy transition: A case study of China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 234-244.
    11. Hasan, M. Arif & Sumathy, K., 2010. "Photovoltaic thermal module concepts and their performance analysis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 1845-1859, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mariyam Sattar & Abdul Rehman & Naseem Ahmad & AlSharef Mohammad & Ahmad Aziz Al Ahmadi & Nasim Ullah, 2022. "Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Cooling System for Hybrid Solar Panels Based on Climatic Conditions of Islamabad, Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-22, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pang, Wei & Cui, Yanan & Zhang, Qian & Wilson, Gregory.J. & Yan, Hui, 2020. "A comparative analysis on performances of flat plate photovoltaic/thermal collectors in view of operating media, structural designs, and climate conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    2. Khani, M.S. & Baneshi, M. & Eslami, M., 2019. "Bi-objective optimization of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar collectors according to various weather conditions using genetic algorithm: A numerical modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    3. Liu, Liu & Niu, Jianlei & Wu, Jian-Yong, 2023. "Improving energy efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal systems by cooling with PCM nano-emulsions: An indoor experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 568-582.
    4. Salameh, Tareq & Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Juaidi, Adel & Abdallah, Ramez & Hamid, Abdul-Kadir, 2021. "A novel three-dimensional numerical model for PV/T water system in hot climate region," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1320-1333.
    5. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Zoras, Stamatis & Zhang, Jizhe, 2021. "Comprehensive review of the recent advances in PV/T system with loop-pipe configuration and nanofluid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Boyu & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan & Li, Yan & Lan, Jingrui, 2022. "Recent progress in thermal energy recovery from the decoupled photovoltaic/thermal system equipped with spectral splitters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    7. Pang, Wei & Zhang, Yongzhe & Duck, Benjamin C. & Yu, Hongwen & Song, Xuemei & Yan, Hui, 2020. "Cross sectional geometries effect on the energy efficiency of a photovoltaic thermal module: Numerical simulation and experimental validation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    8. Bugaj, Marcin A. & Mik, Krzysztof, 2023. "Can PVT bend?: The elaboration of flexible hybrid photovoltaic thermal solar collector structure and testing methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    9. Kamel Guedri & Mohamed Salem & Mamdouh El Haj Assad & Jaroon Rungamornrat & Fatimah Malek Mohsen & Yonis M. Buswig, 2022. "PV/Thermal as Promising Technologies in Buildings: A Comprehensive Review on Exergy Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, September.
    10. Barone, Giovanni & Buonomano, Annamaria & Forzano, Cesare & Palombo, Adolfo & Panagopoulos, Orestis, 2019. "Photovoltaic thermal collectors: Experimental analysis and simulation model of an innovative low-cost water-based prototype," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 502-516.
    11. Oztop, Hakan F. & Sahin, A.Z. & Coşanay, Hakan & Sahin, I.H., 2023. "Three-dimensional computational analysis of performance improvement in a novel designed solar photovoltaic/thermal system by using hybrid nanofluids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 832-841.
    12. Sree Harsha Bandaru & Victor Becerra & Sourav Khanna & Jovana Radulovic & David Hutchinson & Rinat Khusainov, 2021. "A Review of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Technology for Residential Applications: Performance Indicators, Progress, and Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-48, June.
    13. B, Prabhu & A, Valan Arasu & P, Gurusamy & A, Amala Mithin Minther Singh & T, Arunkumar, 2024. "Solar photovoltaic cooling using Paraffin phase change material: Comprehensive assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    14. Bellos, Evangelos & Tzivanidis, Christos, 2017. "Yearly performance of a hybrid PV operating with nanofluid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 867-884.
    15. Yu, Qiongwan & Hu, Mingke & Li, Junfei & Wang, Yunyun & Pei, Gang, 2020. "Development of a 2D temperature-irradiance coupling model for performance characterizations of the flat-plate photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 404-419.
    16. Abdelrazik, Ahmed S. & Al-Sulaiman, FA & Saidur, R. & Ben-Mansour, R., 2018. "A review on recent development for the design and packaging of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 110-129.
    17. Govindasamy, Dhanusiya & Kumar, Ashwani, 2023. "Experimental analysis of solar panel efficiency improvement with composite phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 175-184.
    18. Cengiz, Mazlum & Kayri, İsmail & Aydın, Hüseyin, 2024. "A collated overview on the evaporative cooling applications for photovoltaic modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    19. Yu, Qinghua & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing, 2021. "Research progress on utilization of phase change materials in photovoltaic/thermal systems: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    20. Gao, Dan & Zhao, Yang & Liang, Kai & He, Shuyu & Zhang, Heng & Chen, Haiping, 2022. "Energy and exergy analyses of a low-concentration photovoltaic/thermal module with glass channel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1515-:d:513909. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.