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The Use of Energy Models in Local Heating Transition Decision Making: Insights from Ten Municipalities in The Netherlands

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  • Birgit A. Henrich

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management (TPM), Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands
    Department of Strategy and Policy, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA The Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Thomas Hoppe

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management (TPM), Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Devin Diran

    (Department of Strategy and Policy, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA The Hague, The Netherlands)

  • Zofia Lukszo

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management (TPM), Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

In 2018, the Dutch national government announced its decision to end natural gas extraction. This decision posed a challenge for local governments (municipalities); they have to organise a heat supply that is natural gas-free. Energy models can decrease the complexity of this challenge, but some challenges hinder their effective use in decision-making. The main research question of this paper is: What are the perceived advantages and limitations of energy models used by municipalities within their data-driven decision-making process concerning the natural-gas free heating transition? To answer this question, literature on energy models, data-driven policy design and modelling practices were reviewed, and based on this, nine propositions were formulated. The propositions were tested by reflecting on data from case studies of ten municipalities, including 21 experts interviews. Results show that all municipalities investigated, use or are planning to use modelling studies to develop planning documents of their own, and that more than half of the municipalities use modelling studies at some point in their local heating projects. Perceived advantages of using energy models were that the modelling process provides perspective for action, financial and socio-economic insights, transparency and legitimacy and means to start useful discussions. Perceived limitations include that models and modelling results were considered too abstract for analysis of local circumstances, not user-friendly and highly complex. All municipalities using modelling studies were found to hire external expertise, indicating that the knowledge and skill level that municipal officials have is insufficient to model independently.

Suggested Citation

  • Birgit A. Henrich & Thomas Hoppe & Devin Diran & Zofia Lukszo, 2021. "The Use of Energy Models in Local Heating Transition Decision Making: Insights from Ten Municipalities in The Netherlands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:2:p:423-:d:480271
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    2. Māris Pūķis & Jānis Bičevskis & Staņislavs Gendelis & Edvīns Karnītis & Ģirts Karnītis & Andris Eihmanis & Uģis Sarma, 2023. "Role of Local Governments in Green Deal Multilevel Governance: The Energy Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Hofbauer, Leonhard & McDowall, Will & Pye, Steve, 2022. "Challenges and opportunities for energy system modelling to foster multi-level governance of energy transitions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    4. Herreras Martínez, Sara & Harmsen, Robert & Menkveld, Marijke & Faaij, André & Kramer, Gert Jan, 2022. "Municipalities as key actors in the heat transition to decarbonise buildings: Experiences from local planning and implementation in a learning context," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    5. Benedetto Nastasi & Massimiliano Manfren & Michel Noussan, 2021. "Open Data and Models for Energy and Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-2, July.
    6. Nava-Guerrero, Graciela-del-Carmen & Hansen, Helle Hvid & Korevaar, Gijsbert & Lukszo, Zofia, 2022. "An agent-based exploration of the effect of multi-criteria decisions on complex socio-technical heat transitions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).

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