IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i23p7918-d687802.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spread Analysis of the Sustainability-Linked Bonds Tied to an Issuer’s Greenhouse Gases Emissions Reduction Target

Author

Listed:
  • Marcin Liberadzki

    (Institute of Infrastructure, Transport and Mobility, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Piotr Jaworski

    (Institute of Mathematics, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Kamil Liberadzki

    (Institute of Infrastructure, Transport and Mobility, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-554 Warszawa, Poland)

Abstract

Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs) are a new type of general corporate purpose bond in which payments are tied to an issuer’s sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) with respect to the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. The structure is complementary to green bonds. The Tesco SLBs are linked to the firm’s ability to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 60%. The priority is to reduce its reliance on nonrenewable grid electricity, which contributed 65% of Tesco’s global carbon emissions footprint. Tesco accounts for 1% of electricity demand in the UK. Failure to meet the goals will result in a coupon step-up by 25 basis points on the last three coupons. The aim of our study is to investigate the presence of, how we call it ‘ESG spread’, marked by negative yield difference between SLB and regular bonds. It is something similar to ‘greenium’, that is, a premium paid by bondholders for green bonds when compared to nongreen bonds. We compare the bid and ask yields of SLBs with the interpolated yields, calculated for the yields of Tesco and Carrefour notes. Then, we look into the SLB yields in coupon step-up scenario to answer the question if the issuer’s failure to keep up with KPIs results in changing of ESG spread from negative to positive.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Liberadzki & Piotr Jaworski & Kamil Liberadzki, 2021. "Spread Analysis of the Sustainability-Linked Bonds Tied to an Issuer’s Greenhouse Gases Emissions Reduction Target," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7918-:d:687802
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7918/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/7918/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zerbib, Olivier David, 2019. "The effect of pro-environmental preferences on bond prices: Evidence from green bonds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 39-60.
    2. Jingyan Fu & Artie W. Ng, 2021. "Scaling up Renewable Energy Assets: Issuing Green Bond via Structured Public-Private Collaboration for Managing Risk in an Emerging Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Elettra Agliardi & Rossella Agliardi, 2021. "Corporate Green Bonds: Understanding the Greenium in a Two-Factor Structural Model," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 80(2), pages 257-278, October.
    4. Wang, Jiazhen & Chen, Xin & Li, Xiaoxia & Yu, Jing & Zhong, Rui, 2020. "The market reaction to green bond issuance: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hinsche, Isabelle Cathérine & Klump, Rainer, 2023. "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is transitioning amongst them all?," CFS Working Paper Series 712, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    2. Dahlen, Niklas & Fehrenkötter, Rieke & Schreiter, Maximilian, 2024. "The new bond on the block — Designing a carbon-linked bond for sustainable investment projects," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 316-325.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yoshihiro Zenno & Kentaka Aruga, 2022. "Institutional Investors’ Willingness to Pay for Green Bonds: A Case for Shanghai," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Hu, Xiaolu & Zhong, Angel & Cao, Youdan, 2022. "Greenium in the Chinese corporate bond market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    3. Zenno, Yoshihiro & Aruga, Kentaka, 2023. "Investing the factors affecting green bond investments in China: Cases for Beijing and Shenzhen," MPRA Paper 116203, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Yoshihiro Zenno & Kentaka Aruga, 2023. "Investigating Factors Affecting Institutional Investors’ Green Bond Investments: Cases for Beijing and Shenzhen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Emre Arat & Britta Hachenberg & Florian Kiesel & Dirk Schiereck, 2023. "Greenium, credit rating, and the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(7), pages 547-557, December.
    6. Ana-Belén Alonso-Conde & Javier Rojo-Suárez, 2020. "On the Effect of Green Bonds on the Profitability and Credit Quality of Project Financing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    7. Jun Lian & Xuanshun Huang & Xia Wu, 2024. "How green bonds promote firms' green collaborative innovation?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 2109-2126, May.
    8. Pham, Linh & Cepni, Oguzhan, 2022. "Extreme directional spillovers between investor attention and green bond markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 186-210.
    9. Danilo Liberati & Giuseppe Marinelli, 2024. "Was Covid-19 a wake-up call on climate risks? Evidence from the greenium," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 832, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    10. Tan, Xiujie & Dong, Hanmin & Liu, Yishuang & Su, Xin & Li, Zixian, 2022. "Green bonds and corporate performance: A potential way to achieve green recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 59-68.
    11. Zhang, Ran & Li, Yanru & Liu, Yingzhu, 2021. "Green bond issuance and corporate cost of capital," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    12. Lin, Boqiang & Su, Tong, 2022. "Green bond vs conventional bond: Outline the rationale behind issuance choices in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    13. David Gilchrist & Jing Yu & Rui Zhong, 2021. "The Limits of Green Finance: A Survey of Literature in the Context of Green Bonds and Green Loans," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
    14. Jiang, Kangqi & Chen, Zhongfei & Chen, Fanglin, 2022. "Green creates value: Evidence from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    15. Jiongye Jin & Jianing Zhang, 2023. "The Stock Performance of Green Bond Issuers During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of China," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(1), pages 211-230, March.
    16. Umar, Zaghum & Abrar, Afsheen & Hadhri, Sinda & Sokolova, Tatiana, 2023. "The connectedness of oil shocks, green bonds, sukuks and conventional bonds," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    17. Alexander Dryden & Enrico Pulieri, 2025. "The Price of Trust: Greenium and Greenwashing in Asia’s Green Bond Markets," Working Papers 266, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    18. Lorena Carolina Bernabé Argandoña & Salvador Cruz Rambaud & Joaquín López Pascual, 2022. "The Impact of Sustainable Bond Issuances in the Economic Growth of the Latin American and Caribbean Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, April.
    19. Li, Yanxi & Yu, Conghui & Shi, Jinyan & Liu, Yuanyuan, 2023. "How does green bond issuance affect total factor productivity? Evidence from Chinese listed enterprises," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    20. Tang, Ying & Wang, Biliang & Pan, Ningning & Li, Zhiyong, 2023. "The impact of environmental information disclosure on the cost of green bond: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7918-:d:687802. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.