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A Review of Active Aerodynamic Systems for Road Vehicles

Author

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  • Janusz Piechna

    (Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Comfort, safety, high travel speeds, and low fuel consumption are expected characteristics of modern cars. Some of these are in conflict with one other. A solution to this conflict may be time-varying body geometry realized by moving aerodynamic elements and appropriate systems for controlling their motion. This paper presents a review of existing technical solutions and the results of published research on the effects of active flow control around a vehicle on its dynamic properties. Active aerodynamic systems typically adjust certain aerodynamic characteristics based on the vehicle speed, but systems using other information such as acceleration, yaw rate, steering angle, and brake pressure, as well as fully automatic systems, are also considered. This review provides information on historical and current methods, models, and their effectiveness in designing vehicle bodies and the movable aerodynamic elements mounted on them. Technical solutions in which the driver is an element of the control system, automatic systems, their models, models of movable aerodynamic elements, and coupled dynamic-aerodynamic models are presented. A number of types of moving aerodynamic element solutions used for different purposes are considered in this paper and conclusions are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Janusz Piechna, 2021. "A Review of Active Aerodynamic Systems for Road Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:23:p:7887-:d:687223
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mattia Basso & Carlo Cravero & Davide Marsano, 2021. "Aerodynamic Effect of the Gurney Flap on the Front Wing of a F1 Car and Flow Interactions with Car Components," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Krzysztof Kurec & Janusz Piechna, 2019. "Influence of Side Spoilers on the Aerodynamic Properties of a Sports Car," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Petar Georgiev & Giovanni De Filippis & Patrick Gruber & Aldo Sorniotti, 2023. "On the Benefits of Active Aerodynamics on Energy Recuperation in Hybrid and Fully Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Maciej Szudarek & Konrad Kamieniecki & Sylwester Tudruj & Janusz Piechna, 2022. "Towards Balanced Aerodynamic Axle Loading of a Car with Covered Wheels—Inflatable Splitter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-28, July.
    3. Władysław Marek Hamiga & Wojciech Bronisław Ciesielka, 2022. "Numerical Analysis of Aeroacoustic Phenomena Generated by Heterogeneous Column of Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-37, June.
    4. Krzysztof Kurec, 2022. "Numerical Study of the Sports Car Aerodynamic Enhancements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Krzysztof Wiński & Adam Piechna, 2022. "Comprehensive CFD Aerodynamic Simulation of a Sport Motorcycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-27, August.
    6. Krzysztof Kurec & Konrad Kamieniecki & Janusz Piechna, 2022. "Influence of Different Plates Arrangements on the Car Body," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.

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