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Optimal Modulation of Regenerative Braking in Through-The-Road Hybridized Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Gianfranco Rizzo

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Francesco Antonio Tiano

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Valerio Mariani

    (Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy)

  • Matteo Marino

    (eProInn, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

Abstract

Regenerative braking can significantly improve the energy efficiency of hybrid and electric vehicles, and many studies have been carried out in order to improve and optimize the energy recovery of the braking energy. In the paper, the optimization of regenerative braking by means of braking force modulation is analysed, with specific application to the case of cars converted into Through-the-road (TTR) hybrid vehicles, and an optimal modulation strategy is also proposed. Car hybridization is an emerging topic since it may be a feasible, low-cost, intermediate step toward the green transition of the transport system with a potential positive impact in third-world countries. In this case, the presence of two in-wheel-motors installed on the rear axle and of the original mechanical braking system mounted on the vehicle can result in limited braking energy recovery in the absence of proper braking management strategies. A vehicle longitudinal model has been integrated with an algorithm of non-linear constrained optimization to maximize the energy recovery for various starting speed and stopping time, also considering the efficiency map and power limitations of the electric components. In the best conditions, the recovery can reach about 40% of the vehicle energy, selecting the best deceleration at each speed and proper modulation, and with a realistic estimate of the grip coefficient.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianfranco Rizzo & Francesco Antonio Tiano & Valerio Mariani & Matteo Marino, 2021. "Optimal Modulation of Regenerative Braking in Through-The-Road Hybridized Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6835-:d:659671
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valery Vodovozov & Zoja Raud & Eduard Petlenkov, 2021. "Review on Braking Energy Management in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zongjun Yin & Xuegang Ma & Chunying Zhang & Rong Su & Qingqing Wang, 2023. "A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-33, December.

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