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Mechanism of Solute and Thermal Characteristics in a Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Based with Ethylene Glycol Influenced by Soret and Dufour Effects

Author

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  • Muhammad Bilal Hafeez

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Wojciech Sumelka

    (Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Umar Nazir

    (Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Space Technology, P.O. Box 2750, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Hijaz Ahmad

    (Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy)

  • Sameh Askar

    (Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

This article models a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) for the thermal and solute characteristics under gradients (concentration and temperature) in the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson liquid in a Darcy porous medium. The modelled problems are highly non-linear with convective boundary conditions. These problems are solved numerically with a finite element approach under a tolerance of 10 − 8 . A numerical algorithm (finite element approach) is provided and a numerical procedure is discussed. Convergence is also observed via 300 elements. Simulations are run to explore the dynamics of flow and the transport of heat and mass under parametric variation. To examine the impact of a temperature gradient on the transport of mass and the role of a concentration gradient on the transport of heat energy, simulations are recorded. Remarkable changes in temperature and concentration are noted when Dufour and Soret numbers are varied.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Bilal Hafeez & Wojciech Sumelka & Umar Nazir & Hijaz Ahmad & Sameh Askar, 2021. "Mechanism of Solute and Thermal Characteristics in a Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Based with Ethylene Glycol Influenced by Soret and Dufour Effects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6818-:d:659265
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    References listed on IDEAS

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