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Paleovegetational Reconstruction and Implications on Formation of Oil Shale and Coal in the Lower Cretaceous Laoheishan Basin (NE China): Evidence from Palynology and Terpenoid Biomarkers

Author

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  • Yu Song

    (Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Kai Zhu

    (Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Yinbo Xu

    (Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Qingtao Meng

    (College of Earth Sciences, Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Paragenetic Minerals of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China)

  • Zhaojun Liu

    (College of Earth Sciences, Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Paragenetic Minerals of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China)

  • Pingchang Sun

    (College of Earth Sciences, Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Paragenetic Minerals of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China)

  • Xiang Ye

    (Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

In some cases, the oil shale deposited in shallow lakes may be genetically associated with the coal-bearing successions. Although paleovegetation is an important controlling factor for the formation of oil shale- and coal-bearing successions, few studies have focused on their joint characterization. In this study, a total of twenty-one oil shale and coal samples were collected from the upper member of the Lower Cretaceous Muling Formation (K 1 ml 2 ) in the Laoheishan Basin, and investigated for their bulk geochemical, maceral, palynological, and terpenoid biomarker characteristics, in order to reconstruct the paleovegetation and reveal its influence on the formation of oil shale and coal. The K 1 ml 2 is subdivided into lower, middle, and upper units. The studied oil shale samples from the lower and upper units display a high ash yield (A d ), low total organic carbon (TOC) and sulfur (S) contents, and limited hydrocarbon generation potential. The studied coal samples from the middle unit are characterized by low A d , and high TOC and low S values, and show significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The paleovegetation during the formation of the lower unit was dominated by mire vegetation, such as shrubs (e.g., Lygodiaceae, Schizaeaceae), tree ferns (e.g., Dicksoniaceae/Cyatheaceae), and coniferous trees (e.g., Podocarpaceae). In the middle unit interval, the paleovegetation was represented by highland vegetation (Pinaceae and Araucariaceae) and peat-forming coniferous plants (e.g., Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae). Various vegetation, such as herbs (e.g., Osmundaceae), shrubs (e.g., Schizaeaceae), and coniferous trees (e.g., Podocarpaceae) was prosperous during the upper unit interval. Coniferous trees could provide abundant hydrogen-rich materials (e.g., resins) to the mire/lake, which may elevate the hydrogen content in peat/lake sediments, and finally result in higher hydrocarbon generation potential in the coal than in the oil shale. Therefore, the influence of paleovegetation on the formation of oil shale and coal should be fully considered when studying oil shale- and coal-bearing successions. The results also provide guidance for further exploration studies on oil shale and coal in northeast China.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Song & Kai Zhu & Yinbo Xu & Qingtao Meng & Zhaojun Liu & Pingchang Sun & Xiang Ye, 2021. "Paleovegetational Reconstruction and Implications on Formation of Oil Shale and Coal in the Lower Cretaceous Laoheishan Basin (NE China): Evidence from Palynology and Terpenoid Biomarkers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4704-:d:607596
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Sha & Jiang, Xiumin & Han, Xiangxin & Tong, Jianhui, 2012. "Investigation of Chinese oil shale resources comprehensive utilization performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 224-232.
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    1. Yueyue Bai & Zhaojun Liu & Simon C. George & Jingyao Meng, 2022. "A Comparative Study of Different Quality Oil Shales Developed in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, Yuqia Area, Northern Qaidam Basin, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, February.

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