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On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach

Author

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  • Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Ewa Dudek

    (Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Paweł Wielgosz

    (Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Beata Milanowska

    (Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Jordi Mongay Batalla

    (Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

There is a noticeable number of studies carried out on both the operational parameters of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite signal itself. Researchers look for, inter alia, proven sources of errors affecting the integrity of the satellite signal because this parameter determines the approval of the system’s operational use. It also seems of key importance that the atmospheric conditions, in any area of satellite signal usage, should not be underestimated due to their extensive impact. As the ionospheric refraction seriously limits the operational use of the satellite navigation signal, in this article, the authors attempted to quantify the effect of solar activity (expressed by sunspots) on the signal integrity using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy reasoning is used when information is inaccurate or incomplete and necessitates making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. Thanks to fuzzy sets, there are no obstacles to characterize the degree of intensity of a given phenomenon. In order to look at the problem more broadly, attention was also paid to the tropospheric conditions, and it was verified whether, against the background of cloudiness, precipitation, humidity, pressure and temperature, solar activity affects the integrity to the greatest extent. The integrity measurements from the EGNOS system (PRN120 and PRN126) collected at the monitoring station in Warsaw, Poland in 2014 were used.

Suggested Citation

  • Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska & Ewa Dudek & Paweł Wielgosz & Beata Milanowska & Jordi Mongay Batalla, 2021. "On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4534-:d:602318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiang, Jim X., 2019. "Estimation of minimum and maximum correlation coefficients," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 81-88.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wiktor Olchowik & Marcin Bednarek & Tadeusz Dąbrowski & Adam Rosiński, 2023. "Application of the Energy Efficiency Mathematical Model to Diagnose Photovoltaic Micro-Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-24, September.

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