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Strategies for an Adaptive Control System to Improve Power Grid Resilience with Smart Buildings

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  • Mischa Ahrens

    (FZI Research Center for Information Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Fabian Kern

    (FZI Research Center for Information Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Hartmut Schmeck

    (FZI Research Center for Information Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

Abstract

Low-voltage distribution grids face new challenges through the expansion of decentralized, renewable energy generation and the electrification of the heat and mobility sectors. We present a multi-agent system consisting of the energy management systems of smart buildings, a central grid controller, and the local controller of a transformer. It can coordinate the provision of ancillary services for the local grid in a centralized way, coordinated by the central controller, and in a decentralized way, where each building makes independent control decisions based on locally measurable data. The presented system and the different control strategies provide the foundation for a fully adaptive grid control system we plan to implement in the future, which does not only provide resilience against electricity outages but also against communication failures by appropriate switching of strategies. The decentralized strategy, meant to be used during communication failures, could also be used exclusively if communication infrastructure is generally unavailable. The strategies are evaluated in a simulated scenario designed to represent the most extreme load conditions that might occur in low-voltage grids in the future. In the tested scenario, they can substantially reduce voltage range deviations, transformer temperatures, and line congestions.

Suggested Citation

  • Mischa Ahrens & Fabian Kern & Hartmut Schmeck, 2021. "Strategies for an Adaptive Control System to Improve Power Grid Resilience with Smart Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:15:p:4472-:d:600535
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Basu, Ashoke Kumar & Chowdhury, S.P. & Chowdhury, S. & Paul, S., 2011. "Microgrids: Energy management by strategic deployment of DERs—A comprehensive survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4348-4356.
    2. Meng, Lexuan & Sanseverino, Eleonora Riva & Luna, Adriana & Dragicevic, Tomislav & Vasquez, Juan C. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2016. "Microgrid supervisory controllers and energy management systems: A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1263-1273.
    3. Zia, Muhammad Fahad & Elbouchikhi, Elhoussin & Benbouzid, Mohamed, 2018. "Microgrids energy management systems: A critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 1033-1055.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruiqiu Yao & Yukun Hu & Liz Varga, 2023. "Applications of Agent-Based Methods in Multi-Energy Systems—A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-36, March.
    2. Gustavo Adolfo Gómez-Ramírez & Carlos Meza & Gonzalo Mora-Jiménez & José Rodrigo Rojas Morales & Luis García-Santander, 2023. "The Central American Power System: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities for a Green Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.

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