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Transitioning of Steel Producers to the Steelworks 4.0—Literature Review with Case Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Bożena Gajdzik

    (Department of Industrial Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland)

  • Radosław Wolniak

    (Department of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland)

Abstract

The publication presents a picture of modern steelworks that is evolving from steelworks 3.0 to steelworks 4.0. The paper was created on the basis of secondary sources of information (desk research). The entire publication concerns the emerging opportunities for the development of the steel producers to Industry 4.0 and the changes already implemented in the steel plants. The collected information shows the support environment for changes in the steel sector (EU programs), the levels of evolution of steel mills, along with the areas of change in the steel industry and implemented investment projects. The work consists of a theoretical part based on a literature review and a practical part based on case studies. The work ends with a discussion in which the staged and segmented nature of the changes introduced in the analyzed sector is emphasized. Based on the three case studies described in the paper, a comparative analysis was conducted between them. When we tried to compare methods used in the three analyzed steel producers (capital groups): ArcelorMittal, Thyssenkrupp, and Tata Steel Group, it can be seen that in all organizations, the main problem connected with steelworks 4.0 transition is the digitalization of all processes within an organization and in the entire supply chain. This is realized using various tools and methods but they are concentrated on using technologies and methods such as artificial intelligence, drones, virtual reality, full automatization, and industrial robots. The effects are connected to better relations with customers, which leads to an increase in customer satisfaction and the organizations’ profit. The steel industry will undergo further strong changes, bringing it closer to Industry 4.0 because it occupies an important place in the economies of many countries due to the strong dependence of steel producers on the markets of the recipients (steel consumers). Steel is the basic material needed to make many products, and its properties have been valued for centuries. In addition, steel mills with positive economic, social, and environmental aspects are part of the concept of sustainability for industries and economies.

Suggested Citation

  • Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak, 2021. "Transitioning of Steel Producers to the Steelworks 4.0—Literature Review with Case Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4109-:d:590375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chirumalla, Koteshwar, 2021. "Building digitally-enabled process innovation in the process industries: A dynamic capabilities approach," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    2. Culot, Giovanna & Nassimbeni, Guido & Orzes, Guido & Sartor, Marco, 2020. "Behind the definition of Industry 4.0: Analysis and open questions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    3. Bożena Gajdzik & Sandra Grabowska & Sebastian Saniuk, 2021. "A Theoretical Framework for Industry 4.0 and Its Implementation with Selected Practical Schedules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
    4. K. V. Geetha Devi & Shailesh Singh Thakur & Sourabh Kumar Singh, 2021. "Assessing the Performances of Vendor Firms by Optimization Technique Industry 4.0 GSC Architectures," International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), IGI Global, vol. 12(3), pages 1-10, July.
    5. Bożena Gajdzik & Włodzimierz Sroka, 2021. "Resource Intensity vs. Investment in Production Installations—The Case of the Steel Industry in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    6. Radosław Wolniak & Sebastian Saniuk & Sandra Grabowska & Bożena Gajdzik, 2020. "Identification of Energy Efficiency Trends in the Context of the Development of Industry 4.0 Using the Polish Steel Sector as an Example," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Henning Kagermann, 2015. "Change Through Digitization—Value Creation in the Age of Industry 4.0," Springer Books, in: Horst Albach & Heribert Meffert & Andreas Pinkwart & Ralf Reichwald (ed.), Management of Permanent Change, edition 127, chapter 2, pages 23-45, Springer.
    8. Sebastian Saniuk & Sandra Grabowska & Bożena Gajdzik, 2020. "Social Expectations and Market Changes in the Context of Developing the Industry 4.0 Concept," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    9. Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak, 2021. "Digitalisation and Innovation in the Steel Industry in Poland—Selected Tools of ICT in an Analysis of Statistical Data and a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-25, May.
    10. Bożena Gajdzik & Sandra Grabowska & Sebastian Saniuk & Tadeusz Wieczorek, 2020. "Sustainable Development and Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Analysis Identifying Key Scientific Problems of the Sustainable Industry 4.0," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-27, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak & Wieslaw Wes Grebski, 2023. "Electricity and Heat Demand in Steel Industry Technological Processes in Industry 4.0 Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-29, January.
    2. Laura Tolettini & Eleonora Di Maria, 2023. "Structuring and Measuring Environmental Sustainability in the Steel Sector: A Single Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-26, April.
    3. Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak & Wies Grebski, 2023. "Process of Transformation to Net Zero Steelmaking: Decarbonisation Scenarios Based on the Analysis of the Polish Steel Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-36, April.
    4. Bożena Gajdzik & Radosław Wolniak & Wieslaw Wes Grebski, 2022. "An Econometric Model of the Operation of the Steel Industry in POLAND in the Context of Process Heat and Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, October.
    5. Anna Kwiotkowska & Radosław Wolniak & Bożena Gajdzik & Magdalena Gębczyńska, 2022. "Configurational Paths of Leadership Competency Shortages and 4.0 Leadership Effectiveness: An fs/QCA Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Rafał Trzaska & Adam Sulich & Michał Organa & Jerzy Niemczyk & Bartosz Jasiński, 2021. "Digitalization Business Strategies in Energy Sector: Solving Problems with Uncertainty under Industry 4.0 Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.

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