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Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review

Author

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  • Kassianne Tofani

    (Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA)

  • Saeed Tiari

    (Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA)

Abstract

Latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) are useful for solar energy storage and many other applications, but there is an issue with phase change materials (PCMs) having low thermal conductivity. This can be enhanced with fins, metal foam, heat pipes, multiple PCMs, and nanoparticles (NPs). This paper reviews nano-enhanced PCM (NePCM) alone and with additional enhancements. Low, middle, and high temperature PCM are classified, and the achievements and limitations of works are assessed. The review is categorized based upon enhancements: solely NPs, NPs and fins, NPs and heat pipes, NPs with highly conductive porous materials, NPs and multiple PCMs, and nano-encapsulated PCMs. Both experimental and numerical methods are considered, focusing on how well NPs enhanced the system. Generally, NPs have been proven to enhance PCM, with some types more effective than others. Middle and high temperatures are lacking compared to low temperature, as well as combined enhancement studies. Al 2 O 3 , copper, and carbon are some of the most studied NP materials, and paraffin PCM is the most common by far. Some studies found NPs to be insignificant in comparison to other enhancements, but many others found them to be beneficial. This article also suggests future work for NePCM and LHTES systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Kassianne Tofani & Saeed Tiari, 2021. "Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-34, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3821-:d:581925
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Kyle Shank & Jessica Bernat & Ethan Regal & Joel Leise & Xiaoxu Ji & Saeed Tiari, 2022. "Experimental Study of Varying Heat Transfer Fluid Parameters within a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System Enhanced by Fins," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Nishant Modi & Xiaolin Wang & Michael Negnevitsky, 2023. "Solar Hot Water Systems Using Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage: Perspectives and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-20, February.
    4. Muhammad Saqib & Rafal Andrzejczyk, 2023. "A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(3), May.
    5. Imran Zahid & Muhammad Farooq & Muhammad Farhan & Muhammad Usman & Adnan Qamar & Muhammad Imran & Mejdal A. Alqahtani & Saqib Anwar & Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Yasar Javaid, 2022. "Thermal Performance Analysis of Various Heat Sinks Based on Alumina NePCM for Passive Cooling of Electronic Components: An Experimental Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Kyle Shank & Saeed Tiari, 2023. "A Review on Active Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques within Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-27, May.
    7. Javad Mohammadpour & Ann Lee & Victoria Timchenko & Robert Taylor, 2022. "Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, May.

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