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Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Dawid Jozwiak

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Pavani Ponnaganti

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Birgitte Bak-Jensen

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Jan Jantzen

    (Samsø Energy Academy, 8305 Samsø, Denmark
    Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, 82100 Chios, Greece)

Abstract

Implementation of alternative energy supply solutions requires the broad involvement of local communities. Hence, smart energy solutions are primarily investigated on a local scale, resulting in integrated community energy systems (ICESs). Within this framework, the distributed generation can be optimally utilised, matching it with the local load via storage and demand response techniques. In this study, the boat demand flexibility in the Ballen marina on Samsø—a medium-sized Danish island—is analysed for improving the local grid operation. For this purpose, suitable electricity tariffs for the marina and sailors are developed based on the conducted demand analysis. The optimal scheduling of boats and battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed, utilising mixed-integer linear programming. The marina’s grid-flexible operation is studied for three representative weeks—peak tourist season, late summer, and late autumn period—with the combinations of high/low load and photovoltaic (PV) generation. Several benefits of boat demand response have been identified, including cost savings for both the marina and sailors, along with a substantial increase in load factor. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm increases battery utilisation during summer, improving the marina’s cost efficiency. The cooperation of boat flexibility and BESS leads to improved grid operation of the marina, with profits for both involved parties. In the future, the marina’s demand flexibility could become an essential element of the local energy system, considering the possible increase in renewable generation capacity—in the form of PV units, wind turbines or wave energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawid Jozwiak & Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai & Pavani Ponnaganti & Birgitte Bak-Jensen & Jan Jantzen, 2021. "Optimising Energy Flexibility of Boats in PV-BESS Based Marina Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3397-:d:571561
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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