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Unbalanced Voltage Compensation with Optimal Voltage Controlled Regulators and Load Ratio Control Transformer

Author

Listed:
  • Akito Nakadomari

    (Department of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan)

  • Ryuto Shigenobu

    (Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Fukui 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan)

  • Takeyoshi Kato

    (Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan)

  • Narayanan Krishnan

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt)

  • Hiroshi Takahashi

    (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo 191-8506, Japan)

  • Tomonobu Senjyu

    (Department of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan)

Abstract

Penetration of equipment such as photovoltaic power generations (PV), heat pump water heaters (HP), and electric vehicles (EV) introduces voltage unbalance issues in distribution systems. Controlling PV and energy storage system (ESS) outputs or coordinated EV charging are investigated for voltage unbalance compensation. However, some issues exist, such as dependency on installed capacity and fairness among consumers. Therefore, the ideal way to mitigate unbalanced voltages is to use grid-side equipment mainly. This paper proposes a voltage unbalance compensation based on optimal tap operation scheduling of three-phase individual controlled step voltage regulators (3 ϕ SVR) and load ratio control transformer (LRT). In the formulation of the optimization problem, multiple voltage unbalance metrics are comprehensively included. In addition, voltage deviations, network losses, and coordinated tap operations, which are typical issues in distribution systems, are considered. In order to investigate the mutual influence among voltage unbalance and other typical issues, various optimization problems are formulated, and then they are compared by numerical simulations. The results show that the proper operation of 3 ϕ SVRs and LRT effectively mitigates voltage unbalance. Furthermore, the results also show that voltage unbalances and other typical issues can be improved simultaneously with appropriate formulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Akito Nakadomari & Ryuto Shigenobu & Takeyoshi Kato & Narayanan Krishnan & Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida & Hiroshi Takahashi & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2021. "Unbalanced Voltage Compensation with Optimal Voltage Controlled Regulators and Load Ratio Control Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:2997-:d:559848
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yue Zhang & Anurag Srivastava, 2021. "Voltage Control Strategy for Energy Storage System in Sustainable Distribution System Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Ryuto Shigenobu & Akito Nakadomari & Ying-Yi Hong & Paras Mandal & Hiroshi Takahashi & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2020. "Optimization of Voltage Unbalance Compensation by Smart Inverter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Fred Glover, 1989. "Tabu Search---Part I," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 1(3), pages 190-206, August.
    4. Carpinelli, G. & Mottola, F. & Proto, D. & Varilone, P., 2017. "Minimizing unbalances in low-voltage microgrids: Optimal scheduling of distributed resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 170-182.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Alathamneh & Haneen Ghanayem & Xingyu Yang & R. M. Nelms, 2022. "Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Power Control under Unbalanced Grid Conditions Using a Time-Domain Symmetrical Components Extraction Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, September.
    2. Tomonobu Senjyu & Mahdi Khosravy, 2022. "Power System Planning and Quality Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-2, July.
    3. Mohammad Alathamneh & Haneen Ghanayem & Xingyu Yang & R. M. Nelms, 2022. "Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Power Control under Unbalanced Grid Conditions Using a Proportional-Resonant Control Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Mohammad Alathamneh & Haneen Ghanayem & R. M. Nelms, 2022. "Bidirectional Power Control for a Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter under Unbalanced Grid Conditions Using a Proportional-Resonant and a Modified Time-Domain Symmetrical Components Extraction Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.
    5. Luis Guasch-Pesquer & Sara García-Ríos & Adolfo Andres Jaramillo-Matta & Enric Vidal-Idiarte, 2022. "Improved Method for Determining Voltage Unbalance Factor Using Induction Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Yih-Der Lee & Wei-Chen Lin & Jheng-Lun Jiang & Jia-Hao Cai & Wei-Tzer Huang & Kai-Chao Yao, 2021. "Optimal Individual Phase Voltage Regulation Strategies in Active Distribution Networks with High PV Penetration Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.

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