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Precise Measurements of the Temperature-Frequency Dependence of the Conductivity of Cellulose—Insulating Oil—Water Nanoparticles Composite

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  • Pawel Zukowski

    (Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Przemyslaw Rogalski

    (Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Tomasz N. Koltunowicz

    (Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Konrad Kierczynski

    (Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Vitalii Bondariev

    (Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

This article presents direct σDC and alternating σ(f) current conductivity measurements obtained by the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) method on cellulose-transformer oil–water nanoparticle composite with a moisture content of (5.0 ± 0.2)% by weight in a temperature range from 293.15 to 333.15 K with step of 8 K. The uncertainty of temperature maintenance during measurements was below ±0.01 K. The sample was prepared for testing in a manner as close as possible to the cellulose insulation moisturizing process in power transformers. For the analysis of the results obtained, a model of alternating and direct current hopping conductivity was used, based on the quantum phenomenon of electron tunneling between the potential wells and nanodrops of water. It was observed that on the d(logσ)/d(logf)-derived waveforms there was a clear low-frequency maximum, and a tendency to reach the next maximum in the high-frequency area was visible. On this basis it was established that the increase in conductivity takes place in two stages. It was found that the position of σ(f) waveforms in the double logarithmic coordinates is influenced by the temperature dependence both of the conductivity and of the relaxation time of the conductivity. These relationships are described with the appropriate activation energies of the conductivity and relaxation time of conductivity. Based on the analysis of experimental data using Arrhenius diagrams, average values of the activation energy of conductivity ΔWσ ≈ (0.894 ± 0.0134) eV and the relaxation time of conductivity ΔWτσ ≈ (0.869 ± 0.0107) eV were determined. The values were equal within the limits of uncertainty and their mean value was ΔW ≈ (0.881 ± 0.0140) eV. Using the mean value of the activation energy, the frequency dependence of conductivity, obtained at different temperatures, was shifted to 293.15 K. For this purpose, first the waveforms were shifted along the horizontal and then the vertical axis. It was found that after the shift the σ(f) waveforms for the different temperatures overlap perfectly. This means that the shape of the frequency dependence of the conductivity is determined by the moisture content of the pressboard. The position of the waveforms in relation to the coordinates is determined by the temperature relationships of the conductivity and the relaxation time of the conductivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Pawel Zukowski & Przemyslaw Rogalski & Tomasz N. Koltunowicz & Konrad Kierczynski & Vitalii Bondariev, 2020. "Precise Measurements of the Temperature-Frequency Dependence of the Conductivity of Cellulose—Insulating Oil—Water Nanoparticles Composite," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-26, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2020:i:1:p:32-:d:467006
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pawel Zukowski & Przemyslaw Rogalski & Tomasz N. Koltunowicz & Konrad Kierczynski & Jan Subocz & Marek Zenker, 2020. "Cellulose Ester Insulation of Power Transformers: Researching the Influence of Moisture on the Phase Shift Angle and Admittance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Kakou D. Kouassi & Issouf Fofana & Ladji Cissé & Yazid Hadjadj & Kouba M. Lucia Yapi & K. Ambroise Diby, 2018. "Impact of Low Molecular Weight Acids on Oil Impregnated Paper Insulation Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    3. Eugeniusz Kornatowski & Szymon Banaszak, 2019. "Frequency Response Quality Index for Assessing the Mechanical Condition of Transformer Windings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Tomasz Piotrowski & Pawel Rozga & Ryszard Kozak, 2019. "Comparative Analysis of the Results of Diagnostic Measurements with an Internal Inspection of Oil-Filled Power Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Konrad Kierczynski & Przemyslaw Rogalski & Vitalii Bondariev & Pawel Okal & Daniel Korenciak, 2022. "Research on the Influence of Moisture Exchange between Oil and Cellulose on the Electrical Parameters of the Insulating Oil in Power Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.

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