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Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Operated with Gasoline Supplemented with Pyrogasoline and Ethanol

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  • Luís Durão

    (MEtRICs—Science and Technology of Biomass Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
    VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • Joaquim Costa

    (MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Tiago Arantes

    (MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • F. P. Brito

    (MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Jorge Martins

    (MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal)

  • Margarida Gonçalves

    (MEtRICs—Science and Technology of Biomass Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
    VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

Abstract

The partial replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels contributes to a reduction of CO 2 emissions, alleviating the greenhouse effect and climate changes. Furthermore, fuels produced from waste biomass materials have no impact on agricultural land use and reduce deposition of such wastes in landfills. In this paper we evaluate the addition of pyrolysis biogasoline (pyrogasoline) as an additive for fossil gasoline. Pyrogasoline was produced from used cooking oils unfit to produce biodiesel. This study was based on a set of engine tests using binary and ternary mixtures of gasoline with 0, 2.5, and 5% pyrogasoline and ethanol. The use of ternary blends of gasoline and two different biofuels was tested with the purpose of achieving optimal combustion conditions and lower emissions, taking advantage of synergistic effects due to the different properties and chemical compositions of those biofuels. The tests were performed on a spark-ignition engine, operated at full load (100% throttle, or WOT—wide open throttle) between 2000 and 6000 rpm, while recording engine performance and exhaust gases pollutants data. Binary mixtures with pyrogasoline did not improve or worsen the engine’s performance, but the ternary mixtures (gasoline + pyrogasoline + ethanol) positively improved the engine’s performance with torque gains between 0.8 and 3.1% compared to gasoline. All fuels presented CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions below those produced by this type of engine operated under normal (fossil) gasoline. On the other hand, NO x emissions from oxygenated fuels had contradictory behaviour compared to gasoline. If we consider the gains achieved by the torque with the ternary mixtures and reductions in polluting emissions obtained by mixtures with pyrogasoline, a future for this fuel can be foreseen as a partial replacement of fossil gasoline.

Suggested Citation

  • Luís Durão & Joaquim Costa & Tiago Arantes & F. P. Brito & Jorge Martins & Margarida Gonçalves, 2020. "Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Operated with Gasoline Supplemented with Pyrogasoline and Ethanol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:18:p:4671-:d:410517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shamsul, N.S. & Kamarudin, S.K. & Rahman, N.A., 2017. "Conversion of bio-oil to bio gasoline via pyrolysis and hydrothermal: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 538-549.
    2. Suiuay, Chokchai & Laloon, Kittipong & Katekaew, Somporn & Senawong, Kritsadang & Noisuwan, Phakamat & Sudajan, Somposh, 2020. "Effect of gasoline-like fuel obtained from hard-resin of Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) on single cylinder gasoline engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 634-645.
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